Cognitive Approach To Explaining And Treating Depression Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the two explanations for depression?
•Beck’s Negative Triad.
•Ellis’ ABC Model.
Label the diagram:
According to Beck, how do people become depressed?
People becomes depressed when they develop negative self-schemas.
What are the three types of negative self-schemas?
-Ineptness schemas.
-Self-blame schemas.
-Negative self-evaluation schemas.
What is the ineptness schema?
The expectation to fail.
What is the self-blame schema?
Feeling of responsibility for misfortunes.
What is the negative self-evaluation schema?
Reminding oneself of worthlessness.
When and how are negative self-schemas formed?
During childhood and adolescence, when authority figures, such as parents, place unrealistic demands and are overly critical.
What do negative self-schemas fuel?
They fuel cognitive biases, causing one to misinterpret reality.
When are cognitive biases formed?
Adulthood.
What are three examples of cognitive biases?
-Overgeneralisation: thinking you’ll be bad at anything related to what you dislike.
-Magnification: making a big deal of small things.
-Absolutist thinking: everything is black or white.
What was the aim of the study of Beck at al (1974)?
To understand cognitive distortions in depressed patients.
What was the method of the study of Beck at al (1974)?
Gathered qualitative data through interviews with therapy patients (50 depressed, 31 non-depressed).
What were the results of the study of Beck at al (1974)?
Themes appeared in depressed patients that didn’t appear in non-depressed patients (low self-esteem, self-blame, anxiety due to paranoia). They regarded themselves as inferior.
What was the conclusion of the study of Beck at al (1974)?
Even in mild depression, patients have cognitive differences that deviate from logical thinking.
What was the evaluation of the study of Beck at al (1974)?
Possibility of social desirability. Supports the claim that non-depressed patients and depressed patients have different thinking patterns.
What did Ellis believe caused depression?
Ellis believed that depressed people blame external events for their unhappiness. Their interpretation of those events are to blame.
What does ABC mean in Ellis’ ABC Model?
A - Activating Event.
B - Beliefs.
C - Consequences.
What is the activating event (A) in Ellis’ ABC Model?
Something happens in your environment (e.g. you’ve been dumped).
What is the belief (B) in Ellis’ ABC Model?
You hold a belief about the event (e.g. RATIONAL: we weren’t compatible. IRRATIONAL: I’m not good enough).
What is the consequence (C) in Ellis’ ABC Model?
You have an emotional response to your belief (e.g. low self-worth).
People without depression act more ________ (e.g. being dumped gives you motivation to go to the gym).
Positively/rationally.
What are the two treatments for depression?
•Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).
•Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT).
What is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)?
A therapy that helps patients become aware of when they make negative interpretations. Their thoughts are challenged, and they develop alternate ways of thinking and behaving (aiming to reduce distress).
