Cognitive approach Flashcards
What disorder will the cognitive approach explain & treat?
- Depression
What does the cognitive approach explain about abnormality?
Give an example?
- Abnormality caused by irrational thought processes can be the root of disorders like depression
- e.g. Faulty information processing, how people perceive, reason & judge the world around them
What does the cognitive approach show us about depression?
- Cognitive distortions
- These are evident in depression & approach explains faulty information processes causes depression
What are the 2 cognitive explanations in the approach?
- Beck’s negative triad
- Ellis’s ABC model
What are the 3 components of Beck’s negative triad?
What are the nature of these thoughts?
- Negative view of self e.g. I’m useless
- Negative view of future e.g. I’ll always endure emotional pain
- Negative views of world e.g. the world is evil & hostile
- These negative thoughts are automatic
What does Beck’s triad say the negative thoughts come from?
What are they?
- Negative schemas
- They interpret all information about themselves in a negative way
- ineptness schema: expectation of negative schema
- Self-blame schema: feeling of responsibility for all misfortunes
What does Beck’s triad believe maintains negative thoughts?
What are the 3 categories of maintenance?
What do these do?
- Cognitive biases
- Arbitrary interference: Conclusions drawn from no evidence
- Minimisation: Minimalizing any positive events in life
- Over-generalisation: Sweeping conclusions drawn on basis of a single event
- Feed into individuals own self-perception & views about their place in the world, potentially leading to depression
What 2 things did Ellis propose about depression in his ABC model?
- Depression mainly result of irrational thoughts about external events
- Claimed depression was not result of the activating event but based on false cognitions (thoughts) about the event
What does the ABC stand for in the model?
A: Activation
B: Beliefs
C: Consequences
What’s the first phase of the model?
-First phase (Activation)
- Does not lead to depression: (rational thoughts)
- May lead to depression: (Irrational thoughts)
What’s the second phase of the model?
What did Ellis believe about this phase?
- Second phase: (Beliefs about A)
- Does not lead to depression: (desirable emotions/thoughts)
- May lead to depression: (undesirable emotions/thoughts)
- Ellis argued these Beliefs are crucial difference between getting depression/not
What’s the third phase of the model?
- Third phase (Consequences of B)
- Does not lead to depression: (desirable behaviour)
- May lead to depression: (undesirable behaviour)
AO3 cognitive explanation
Practical applications?
Beck & Ellis?
P - Explanation of depression has led to useful practical applications to help those suffering from depression
E - Beck & Ellis’s cognitive explanations form the basis of CBT
E - In CBT irrational/negative thoughts are challenged helping to reduce depressive symptoms
L - So high success rate of CBT validates the cognitive explanations
AO3 cognitive explanation
Incomplete explanation?
P - While theory is sufficient in explaining sufferer’s current state of mind it fails to fully outline the steps & processes for how the sufferer came to think in this way
E - Cognitive approach is vague in establishing how this occurs & why some people are prone to depressive thoughts
E - Shows that the theory fails to tackle to root causes of depression which may have more of an impact on treatment
L - Limits extent we practically use these theories to combat depression
AO3 cognitive explanation
Research support?
Temple Wisconsin study?
P - Research support that supports role of cognition in depression
E - Temple Wisconsin study of cognitive vulnerability sampled Uni students
E - No students had depression & were assessed per 3 months for 2 years: results showed 17% of those with negative thinking developed depression
L - Shows influence negative cognition has on the development of depression