Cognitive Flashcards
What is the main concept of Kohlberg’s theory? (Cognitive gender)
Gender develops with age
What age is gender labelling and what happens? (Cognitive gender)
Aged 2
Children label boys or girls on outward appearance only
What age is gender stability and what happens? (Cognitive gender)
Aged 4
Understand that gender remains the same over time e.g boys turn into men
What age is gender consistency and what happens? (Cognitive gender)
Aged 5-7
Gender is consistent across all time and situation
What did Slaby and Frey (1975) do? (Cognitive gender)
Participants watched a short film and asked a ranged of 2-5 year olds questions on gender understanding
What did Slaby and Frey (1975) find? (Cognitive gender)
- children with high levels of gender consistency would show more attention to same sex models
- selective attention on gender was much stronger among boys
What did Bem (1975) find? (Cognitive gender)
Child awareness of gender develops around 2 years old due to the development of schemas
What did Bandura (1992) find? (Cognitive gender)
4 year olds playing with gender inappropriate toys felt ‘awful’
What did Martin and Halverson (1981) find? (Cognitive gender)
A child does not need an understanding of gender consistency for their own gender behaviour to emerge. It’s due to schemas
What did Bradbard et al (1986) find? (Cognitive gender)
Told 9 year olds that a gender neutral stimulus was either male or female and they recalled more about their own gender toys
What did Masters et al (1979) find? (Cognitive gender)
Children aged 4-5 selected toys according to their own gender
What did Campbell et al (2002) find? (Cognitive gender)
Found 2 year olds who hold high levels of gender knowledge displayed no preference to gender specific toys
What are the 3 main principles of Kohlberg theory? (Cognitive gender)
Gender labelling, gender stability and gender consistency
