Cognition Unit Flashcards
A Condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.
Blind-sight
When an interviewer believes they have excellent interviewing skills and believes they an rely on their ability to read people as opposed to reference checking
Interviewer Illusion
Tendency to attribute one’s success to personal factors and one’s failures and situational factors.
Self-Serving Bias
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgement and make solve problems efficiently
Heuristic
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
Algorithm
A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem
Insight
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
Creativity
A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
Confirmation Bias
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set
Fixation
The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving.
Functional Fixedness
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information
Representativeness Heuristic
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common
Availability Heuristic
The tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgement
Overconfidence
Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
Belief Perseverance
The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions an judgements
Framing
Our spoken or written or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
Language
In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
Phenome
All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Cognition
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
Concepts
Thinking that doesn’t blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assess conclusions.
Critical Thinking
An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning.
Intuition
A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories
Prototypes
The tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.
Hindsight Bias
The perceptions of a relationship where none exists
Illusory Correlation
A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
Mental Set
A moment of sudden insight and discovery
AHA! Moment
A cognitive process in which a person attempts to find a single, correct answer to a problem
Convergent Thinking
A cognitive process in which a person generates many unique, creative responses to a single question or problem
Divergent Thinking
Believing intelligence is biologically set, and unchanging
Fixed Mindset
Believing Intelligence is Changeable
Growth Mindset
Awareness and Understanding of one’s own thought process
Meta-cognition
The tendency to use an initial value as an “anchor”, or reference point, in making a new numerical estimate
Anchoring Effect
