Cognition - Lecture 1

Question 1

The RESPONSE LATENCY of cells in INFEROTEMPORAL cortex (which respond selectively to faces) happens at how many milliseconds??

Answer 1

80 - 160 milliseconds (ms) [Perrett et al, 1988)

Question 2

How fast does NEURAL DISCRIMINATION of faces occur??

Answer 2

(as fast as) 50 milliseconds (ms) [Sugase et al, 1999]

Question 3

Is face recognition robust when view conditions are poor???

Answer 3

YES! Participants can recognize more than half of a set of blurry images with 7*10 resolution [Yip & Shihna, 2002]

Question 4

Is memory for faces lon loasting or does it fade??

Answer 4

Very long lasting. 90% accuracy for recognising old class mates up to 15 years [Bahrick et al, 1975]

Question 5

The face is called an _____ of _________ ??

Answer 5

ORGAN of COMMUNICATION [Bruce & Young, 2012]

Question 6

What did Darwin write in 1872?`

Answer 6

The expression of the emotions in man and animals

Question 7

The face can convey information about many things including …

Answer 7

1. Identity, age, race, gender
2. Emotions
3. Attention (via gaze)
4. Personality??? [need to consider this more deeply]

Question 8

Darwin’s 1872 book was interested in …

Answer 8

The evolution of emotional expressions

Question 9

Darwin’s thesis on universality of expression emotions (due to natural selection) became known as …

Answer 9

Universality thesis

Question 10

What did Darwin create in 1867?

Answer 10

A questionaire

Question 11

What questions did Darwin’s Questionnaire hope to answer??

Answer 11

1/ Does laughter have the capactity to bring tears to eyes?
2/ How is disgust shown?
3/ What do children do when they sulk?
4/ How is astonishment expressed by the eyes + eyebrows + mouth?

Question 12

What year did ekman publish his famous work on emotions?

Answer 12

1972

Question 13

Ekman worked with a …. tribe in … who had no experience of TV, Books, etc.

Answer 13

Preliterate; New Guinea

Question 14

… … … + … were the four emotions recognised cross-culturally

Answer 14

Happiness, Sadness, Anger, Disgust (HSAD)

Question 15

Two emotions often confused are ___ + ___

Answer 15

Fear and Suprise

Question 16

So Ekman (1972) discovered 6 Emotions. There is some evidence for a 7th type, _____

Answer 16

Contempt

Question 17

Ekman went to __ Countries showing a _ second display.

Answer 17

21 countries; 5 second display

Question 18

There was agreement by majority of __ of 21 for happiness, disgust and Sadness

Answer 18

21

Question 19

There was agreement by majority of __ of 21 for Surprise

Answer 19

20

Question 20

There was agreement by majority of __ of 21 for Fear

Answer 20

19

Question 21

…% of people see face as a valid guide to personality [Hassin & Trope, 2000]

Answer 21

75%

Question 22

Do people agree on personality traits for certain faces??

Answer 22

YES! e.g., extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness.

Question 23

Why do people judge ‘books by their cover?’

Answer 23

1. Social stereotyping
2. Personality characteristics may co-vary with physical traits
3. ‘Kernel of Truth’ hypothesis

Question 24

What is the ‘Kernel of truth’ Hypothesis?

Answer 24

That impressions based on facial appearance are reliable as they are partly accurate

Question 25

Which researchers are associated with the Kernel of truth hypothesis

Answer 25

Berry & Wero (1993).

Question 26

The research by Berry found that ratings of strangers … is highly correlated by …-… of same.

Answer 26

TRAITS; Self-report

Question 27

Which researcher showed photographs of candidates for US Congress for 1 second to 800 students??

Answer 27

Todorov et al. (2005)

Question 28

What results did Todorov et al (2005) report??

Answer 28

1. students choose winning candidate 69%

2. Worked retrospectively and prospectively (upcoming)

Question 29

In modularity of face perception, what 3 aspects of face perception are processed independent of each other?? Hint: GES

Answer 29

Gaze, Emotions, Speech !!

Question 30

Todorov et al found a more baby faced man was deemed as …??

Answer 30

Less Competent!!