Cognition Components Flashcards
What is self-awareness in cognition?
The ability to recognize one’s own cognitive strengths and weaknesses, including insight into deficits.
Name five techniques to enhance self-awareness.
Self-prediction, specific goal ratings, self-evaluation, self-questioning, and journaling.
How does self-prediction enhance self-awareness?
It involves predicting one’s performance before a task and comparing it to actual outcomes.
What are the three primary aspects of orientation?
Orientation to person, place, and time.
Why is orientation important in cognitive function?
It helps individuals navigate their environment, understand context, and engage in purposeful activity.
What are the four components of attention?
Detect/react, sustained attention, shifting attention, and mental tracking.
What is sustained attention?
The ability to maintain focus on a task over time.
What is mental tracking?
The ability to follow multiple stimuli or pieces of information simultaneously.
What is spatial neglect?
A deficit in attention and awareness, typically affecting one side of space (often due to right hemisphere damage).
How does spatial neglect differ from visual field loss?
Visual field loss is a sensory issue, whereas spatial neglect is an attentional deficit.
What is visual processing?
The brain’s ability to interpret visual information from the environment.
What is visual-motor integration?
The coordination of visual input with motor output (e.g., writing, catching a ball).
Define praxis.
The ability to plan and execute purposeful movement.
What is apraxia?
A disorder affecting motor planning, despite intact strength and sensation.
What is ideational apraxia?
A deficit in understanding the concept of a movement, leading to difficulty using objects appropriately.
What are the three stages of memory processing?
Encoding, storage, and retrieval.
What is working memory?
The temporary storage and manipulation of information for cognitive tasks.
Differentiate between declarative and procedural memory.
Declarative memory involves facts and events, while procedural memory involves skills and habits.
What is prospective memory?
The ability to remember to perform tasks in the future.
Name five key components of executive function.
Organization, problem-solving, planning, cognitive flexibility, and self-regulation.
What is cognitive flexibility?
The ability to adapt thinking in response to changing situations.
Define self-monitoring in executive function.
The ability to assess and adjust behavior based on feedback.
What is perseveration?
The inability to shift away from a thought or action, leading to repetitive behavior.
How does impulsivity impact cognition?
It leads to acting without forethought, affecting decision-making and self-control.
