Cognition and Perception Flashcards
Define Perception.
Is the term used to refer to the process involved in making sense of the senses; the way in which we interpret the information gathered and processed by the senses.
Define Cognition.
Is the ability to perceive, represent and organise objects, events and their relationship to one another in an appropriate way. It comprises all the mental processes that allow us to attend to, recognise, learn and remember changing information in the environment.
What are all the components in the Hierarchy of Cognition, beginning at the base.
Executive Function Praxis Memory Object Recognition Visual Spatial Perception Attention Sensory Registration
Name all the regions of the brain.
- The Lobes
- The Cortex’s
- Key anatomical landmarks used to describe certain areas of the brain
- 2 Key area’s (learnt in psych at Xav’s)
Prefrontal cortex
Frontal lobe
Broca’s area
Primary motor cortex (located pre Central Sulcus)
Primary somatosensory cortex (located post central sulcus)
Parietal Lobe
(All the above are located superior to Sylvian Fissure)
Temporal lobe (inferior to Sylvian fissure)
Wernike’s area
Occipital lobe
Primary visual Cortex.
Describe Sensory registration.
- What is the dominant sense?
- What test’s are used and what do they test?
- It’s where information reaches the nervous system via the sense organs.
- External physical stimuli are converted to a form that the nervous system can use AKA Coded.
- Sight is the dominant sense for humans, so we test this sense the most, testing the following;
- Visual acuity
- Tracking and scanning
- Visual fields: confrontation test
What is Attention, and what can affect it?
- Attention is a basic part of processing, prerequisites include alertness and arousal both required for attention.
- Attention is affected by internal (fatigue, thirst) and external influences (temperature), individual differences and by task novelty ( New tasks increase attentional demands).
What are the 5 types of Attention?
- Focused; the ability to initially fix on a specific stimuli
- Sustained; aka Attention span, the ability to maintain a specific response for a set time on a single task.
- Selective; ability to select specific stimuli from additional stimuli and filter out unwanted stimuli.
- Alternating; ability to switch from one attention set to another.
- Divided; ability to attend multiple stimuli aka “multi-tasking”.
What role does the right hemisphere of the brain play in spatial processing?
Orients to overall space (global processing), overall dominant for spatial attention functions.
What role does the left hemisphere of the brain play in spatial processing?
Orients to details more so in the right of space (local processing)
What is inattention/neglect?
How can you test for it?
- Failure to attend, report or respond
to one side of space (self, people,
objects, environment) - Test = the test where you ask them to copy a picture of a clock, if they have inattention then they’ll miss the numbers on one side of the clock.
(ensure its neglect and not sensory loss)
What is the Visual and spatial perception level of the attention hierarchy?
- Complex mechanism in which sensory information is given meaning through association with our stored knowledge.
- It’s divided in to visual perception and visuospatial perception.
- Visuoperceptive skills include colour perception, depth perception and figure ground perception.
- Visuospatial perception skills include the ability to appreciate spatial relationships between objects and landmarks.
What areas of the brain are involved in visual and spatial perception?
- Parietal lobe (Right dominant)
- Temporal lobe
What is the Object Recognition level of the attention hierarchy?
Object recognition integrates basic perception with stored knowledge of objects and their use.
(Use’s memory and visual/spatial perception)
What areas of the brain are involved in Object Recognition?
Left temporal lobe, right parietal/temporal lobes?
What areas of the brain are involved in working memory (aka short term memory)
- Broca's area (L frontal lobe) - Phonological store (l parietal lobe) - Visuospatial sketchpad (R prefrontal and parietal)
