Cognition and Emotion Flashcards
What is cognition?
Cognition is being aware of body/brain state
the neural processes by which the brain integrates meaningful stimuli & internal motivations into awareness and appropriate response
What is behavior?
A response to a
meaningful stimuli
What are the 5 Steps in cognition processing?
- Attention ( parietal)
- Recognition ( temporal)
- Integration
- Planning
- Selection and Execution
Describe a stimuli as it relates to cognition
A stimuli can be external or internal
external stimuli is detected by special sensory systems ( eye, hearing, taste, smell)
internal stimuli is related to the brain/body state
What percentage of the human brain is made of assocational cortices? of primary motor and sensory cortices?
Assocational cortices make up 75 percent of the brains area
Primary motor and sensory cortices make up 25 percent of the brain’s area
Why is awareness subjective/veridical?
Awareness is subjective b/c each human individual has different experiences in life which affects their emotions, mood, motivations, memory, etc. These affects effect how an individual perceives a meaningful stimuli
Areas in the brain where the associational cortices are located
Frontal-
Temporal-Recognition
Parietal-attention
What behavioral function is associated with the parietal associational cortex?
Attention
Boundaries of parietal associational cortex are_____________.
There is a right and left lobe of the the parietal associational cortex
The boundaries of this cortex are the central sulcus, lateral fissure and parietal-occipital sulcus
What area within the parietal associational cortex is to direct attention
The posterior parietal network
What properties does the neurons in the parietal associational cortex have?
Properties:
directionality (neuron respond to stimuli depending where they are in visual/ field
What is asymmetrical attention modulation in the visual field ?
The L and R lobe of the parietal associational cortex modulates the R visual field
The R lobe of the parietal associational cortex modulates the L visual field
What is the function of the temporal lobe associational cortex?
Recognition;
Which gyrus in the temporal lobe of the associational cortex is responsible for facial recognition
Fusiform or occiptal temporal gyrus
What are the steps in the ventral pathway?
V1 ( BA 17) to V2 ( BA 18) to V4 ( Secondary visual cortex)
What two
brain structures are involved with emotional processing
Amygdala-internal emotional response; implicit
Hippocampus- external emotional response; explicit
What is the James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Emotion processing is directional
An emotion causes a physical/physiological response or behavior
What is associative learning?
Associating emotions to a stimuli
requires a sensory stimuli and a primary reinforcer
Two types of sensory stimuli in associative learning
- Interoceptive-w/in body
2. Exteroceptive-outside body
Two types of primary reinforcers
- rewards-seek out
2. Punishers-avoid
General Processing of Associative Learning
emotional input and non-emotional input come together to have an output to somatic or visceral system
3 parts of emotional processing
- somatic and visceral effects
- cognitive significance
- Subjective feelings
Emotional processing occurs in a loop
Structures of Limbic Forebrain
made of orbital and medial
prefrontal cortex; putamen; caudate; amygdala;and hippocampus
3 Functional divisions of limbic forebrain
- Olfactory-special sensory ( mostly smell, flavor)
- Amygdala/orbital prefrontal-implicit
- parahippocampal-explicit
Examples of implicit processing
visceral motor control
emotional experience and expression
appetitive drives
social behavior
Examples of explicit processing
episodic memory acquistion
consolidation
spatial mapping
Limbic forebrain
Limbic forebrain is a loose network of brain structures involved in emotional processing
Where does emotional movement behavior orginates
Limbic forebrain
What are the two types of smiles in facial expression
- pyrmidal smile=non-emotional, voluntary facial muscles activation
- Duchenne smile=emotional facial muscle activation
What are the three parts of the amygdala
- central group
- medial group
- basolateral group
Which phase in emotional processing is amygdala assoicated with?
Cognitive significance
What is the function of medial group of amygdala?
output from amygdala to medial hypothalamus
What is the function of the basolateral group of amygdala?
connection to orbital and medial prefrontal cortex
this group is the largest of the groups that make up amygdala
Fear conditioning
type of associative learning that is responsible for associated with amygdala
What emotions is the amygdala is associated with?
- Fear
2. Trustworthiness
what is the relationship b/w fear and amygdala activity
Increased fear, increase amygdala activity
what is the relationship between trustworthiness and amygdala activity
Decreased trustworthiness, increase amygdala activity
What are the two types of smiles in facial expression
- pyrmidal smile=non-emotional, voluntary facial muscles activation
- Duchenne smile=emotional facial muscle activation
What are the three parts of the amygdala
- central group
- medial group
- basolateral group
Which phase in emotional processing is amygdala assoicated with?
Cognitive significance
What is the function of medial group of amygdala?
output from amygdala to medial hypothalamus
What is the function of the basolateral group of amygdala?
connection to orbital and medial prefrontal cortex
this group is the largest of the groups that make up amygdala
Fear conditioning
type of associative learning that is responsible for associated with amygdala
What emotions is the amygdala is associated with?
- Fear
2. Trustworthiness
what is the relationship b/w fear and amygdala activity
Increased fear, increase amygdala activity
what is the relationship between trustworthiness and amygdala activity
Decreased trustworthiness, increase amygdala activity
Lesion to right amygdala would result what defective emotional processing?
results in someone being overly trusting another person when they should not
result of amygdala hypofunction
deficits in info processing
result of amygdala hyperfunction
excessive vigilance and anxiety
Function of orbital-medial prefrontal cortex
- reasoning ( what is right and wrong)
2. social cues and behavior
Damage to orbital-medial prefrontal cortex
Results in making repeated bad choices despite the negative consequence(s) of choice
