Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCHOLOGY - UNIT 3 + 4 > COGNITION > Flashcards

COGNITION Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Cognition

A
  • Defined as the mental process involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension.
  • These process include thinking, knowing and problem solving
  • Higher functions of the brain encompass language, imagination, perception and other process including memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Psychological concepts and processes associated with memory and their relationship with behaviour

A
  • Memory is complex
  • Involves:
  • paying attention to what you are doing or what you see, - converting that into a form that can be stored in brain
  • Retrieving that information when required
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Memory

A
  • can be defined as the internal record of previous events or experiences.
  • One of the most important mental processes that humans possess
  • Process is seen as the representing of things we we have seen, thought, spoken or experienced without the original stimulus being present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mental Representation

A

It is a psychologic version of the original sound, thought or concept.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)

A

Developed a model of memory known as the ‘stage model” suggesting that memory is made up of a series of memory stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

‘Stage Model’ three separate stages

A
  • Sensory Memory (Register)
  • Short Term Memory (STM)
  • Long Term Memory (LTM)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Memory stage is characterised by three differences

A
  • Capacity: How much information can be stored?
  • Duration: How long can the information be stored?
  • Function: What is done with the stored memory?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sensory Register

A
  • Refers to memory retained for a very brief period of time (less than 5 seconds)
  • Information is encoded rapidly based on the physical properties of the stimulation
  • Sensory memory systems stores all incoming sensory information in memory registers for different sense
  • Most information held in sensory storage is lost very quickly
  • Information considered important is attended to and passed into short term memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sensory Register Division

Iconic Memory

A

temporarily stores sensory information of visual nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sensory Register Division:

Echoic memory

A

auditory sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Encoding

A

refers to the conversion of sensory information into a form that can be processed by the brain, may be encoded visually, acoustically or through meaning (words often encoded by what they mean rather then their form)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Storage

A

refers to the retention of information, brain = computer that stores info on a hard disk, human info storage via networks of neurons, info must be stored in a form that is accessible later. Humans form association between neural networks to aid later retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Retrieval

A

central to memory, the recovery of information stored in the brain, cant be retrieved cannot be shown to exist at all.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Short Term Memory

A
  • where information is stored for around 30 seconds
  • info in STM may be rehearsed for transfer of information into long-term storage
  • STM refers to the information you are aware of, sometimes called working memory —> the thoughts, words and images are available for decision-making and problem solving
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Working Memory

A
  • broader than STM and emphasises the active nature of processing memory rather than earlier notions of passive maintenance
  • Like STM it has limited capacity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(Baddeley and Hitch, 1974):

A
  • original working memory model developed consisted of: - Two slave systems for short term maintenance of info
  • One central executive responsible for organising information and coordinating slave systems
17
Q

Central Executive

A
  • The boss of working memory
  • Controls and coordinates the other components.
  • Controls and directs attention, to relevant information
  • Suppresses irrelevant information
  • Sends incoming info to relevant components and briefly stores all sensory information
18
Q

Slave Systems of the Central Executive

A
  • Phonological loop

- Visuo - Spatial Sketchpad

19
Q

Phonological Loop

A
  • Stores and manipulates information of auditory nature (sounds of language), rehearses it silently —> can remember 8 digit phone number as long as it is refreshed in rehearsal loop
20
Q

phonological store

A
  • Linked to speech and perception, acts as an inner ear and holds information in speech based form (i.e spoken words for 1-2 seconds)
21
Q

Phonological Store:

Spoken Words

A

enter store directly

22
Q

Phonological Store:

Written words

A
  • Must first be converted into an articulatory (spoken) code before they can enter the phonological store.
23
Q

Articulatory control process

A
  • (inner voice): linked to speech production
  • Used to rehearse and store verbal information from the phonological store.
  • Articulatory control process also converts written material into an articulatory code and transfers it to the phonological store.
24
Q

Visuo-spatial sketchpad

A

Stores details of shape, colour, motion, pattern and position and represents mental maps (stores and manipulates info of visual and spacial nature)

25
Q

Baddeley (2000): Episodic Buffer

A
  • Added a fourth component - the episodic buffer to the model
  • Third slave system linking information across domain to form integrated units of visual, spacial and verbal info with time e.g memory of a story or movie
    Episodic buffer has links to long term memory.
26
Q

Millar (1956)

A
  • WM has certain characteristics that distinguish it from longer-term storage
  • Info generally retained for brief period, amount of material retained also limited
  • Millar proposed that amount of unrelated material that could be stores in WM was between five and nine pieces —> (7 +/- 2)
  • Work involved retention of numbers in STM, other work has looked at retention of unrelated letters and nonsense words —> found similar phenomenon
  • Capacity of WM is around 7, although capacity appears to be greatest for digits and lower for letters and words —> longer the words, shorter the WM span

PSYCHOLOGY - UNIT 3 + 4 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions