Cognition Flashcards
the mental action or process of acquiring
knowledge and understanding through thought,
experience, and the senses.
cognition
causes of delirium
Advanced cancer
* Alcohol/drugs use
* Electrolyte imbalances
* Dementia
* Hospitalization
– ICU
– PACU
* Infections
* Medications
* Metabolic disorders
icu psychosis
environemental
meds- versed
metabolic disorders
circulatory dysfunction- lack to brain
hypoxia
alterations in IC regulaiton
2-3x risk of death
pacu delirium
wont d/c until delirium is gone
ketamine
to treat: resedate or antilirium
end of life delirium
Metabolic changes
* Disease progression
* Medications
* Infection
* Pain
* Urinary retention
* Constipation
nsg considerations deirium
Environmental control
* Medications
* Rest periods
* Reorientation
* Family support
* Catheterization
* Bowel regimen
WANT PT AWAY FROM NSG SATION
cognitive impairment
General term that
encompasses any
type of mental
difficulty or
deficiency
Wide variety of
challenges and
abilities
Wide variety of
causes
cog impairment etiology
nfection / Intoxication
* Trauma
* Physical Agent
* Inadequate nutrition
* Metabolic disorders
* Gross postnatal brain disease
* Unknown prenatal influence
* Chromosomal abnormalities
* Gestational disorders
* Psychiatric disorders
* Environmental influences
hypoxic event in utero
prevention of cog impairment
Prenatal
– Optimal health care of the high-risk
newborn
– Rubella Immunization
– Genetic Counseling
– Prenatal Screening
– Folic Acid
– Newborn Metabolic Screening
– Early Intervention
symtpms of cog impairment at birth
Dysmorphic features
– Irritability or unresponsiveness to contact
– Abnormal eye contact during feeding
– Gross motor delay
– Decreased alertness to voice or movement
– Language difficulties or delay
– Feeding difficulties
dont like being snuggled
adhd core symptoms
inattention
hyperactivity
impulsivity
adhd complications
Poor school performance
* Higher risk for injury/accidents
* Higher risk of substance abuse
* Higher risk of delinquent behavior
depression
what do amphetamines do
help with focus
side effects of amphetamines
htn
tahcycardia
nausea
wt loss
decreased appetite
insomnia- can treat w/ clonidine
tic
compsilive behaviros
psyhotic reactions
adhd med considerations
give after breakfast
give every day whether or not child is in school
consider taking summers off
school based interventions adhd
Sit in front, near teacher
* Create daily schedule
* Review material frequently
* Unlimited time for tests
* Break assignments into small tasks
* Give directions one at a time
* Decreased distractions
* Give student “errands” to run
* Help student organize desk, locker
autism spectrum disorders
Developmental
impairment in social skills,
communication,
accompanied by
characteristic behaviors,
activities
fastest grwoing pediatric disability
when is autism usually apparent by
18 months
usually diagnosed at 3 y/o
what do you do before diagnosing with autism
HEARING TEST
common presenting symptoms autism
oes not talk or babble
– Does not respond to name
– Seems to have hearing impairment
– Violent tantrums
– Odd movements
– Does not smile
– Poor eye contact
– Obsessions/compulsions
asd interventions
Early intervention
– Speech therapy
– Occupational therapy
– Sensory training
* Family therapy
* Additional structure
* Social skills training
* Communication skills training
* Behavior modification
* Support academic skills
* +/- medications
as a nurse what should you know before taking care of asd child
what are their triggers
what calms them down
risk for down syndrome
maternal/parental age old
teens
down syndrome manifestations
Microcephaly
o Almond-shaped, up-slanting eyes
o Small, down-turned mouth
o Protruding tongue- AIRWAY PROBLEMS
o Small, low-set ears
o Short hands
o Congenital heart defects
o Hypotonia- weak
simian crease
assocoauted probelsm with downs
Congenital Heart Malformations
* Respiratory Tract Infections- struggling coughing up stuff d/t weak muscles
* Hypotonicity of Chest and Abdominal
Muscles
* Immune System Dysfunction
* Thyroid Dysfunction (esp. congenital
hypothyroidism)- obesity
* Leukemia
* Alzheimer’s disease
downs nsg considerations
VACCINATIONS
