Cognative Approach Assumptions

Question 1

What is an assumption?

Answer 1

Assuming something by the way someone reacts and look as they see something in different ways

Ie assuming all blonds are dumb or people who wear glasses are smart

Question 2

What is cognition?

Answer 2

The mind

Question 3

How is information processed?

Answer 3

You take in information and process it with prior knowledge to make sense of information. Such as behaviour is the outcome of processing behaviour.

Question 4

What is the Cognitive assumption?

Answer 4

How our mind is like a computer as the mind uses internal mental processing to make sense of situations through the senses

Take in Info from environment through our senses -> process it -> outcome is how we behave in that situation

Question 5

What is storage ?

Answer 5

A permanent record of information in order for a memory to go into storage (long term memory) it has to pass through the sensory-short term-long term memory

Question 6

What is Retrieval?

Answer 6

Process of recovering information from the memory it is the final stage of memory

Question 7

What is duration?

Answer 7

Duration is the length of time the information can be stored in the memory store

Question 8

Multi store model of memory
By Atkinson and shiffring (1986)

Answer 8

Enviro->sensory memory->short->long term
/. /
Forgotten. Forgotten

Question 9

How long does duration last in each memory store?

Answer 9

Sensory- 2-4 seconds
Short term- 18-30 seconds
Long term- unlimited

Question 10

What is encoding?

Answer 10

Encoding is the process of converting information from one store to another so it can be stored in the various memory stores and pass between them

Question 11

What are the different names for each sense in the sensory memory?

Answer 11

Habtic- touch
Echoic - hear
Ionic- see
Olfactory- smell
Gustacory- taste

Question 12

What is the sensory memories function?

Answer 12

converting Information from the
environment (sight, smell) in a form that can be stored in memory

eg.
Iconic Store in Sensory memory= Visual
echoic Store = acoustic

Question 13

Encoding (Baddeley) 1966

What is Stm encoding?

Answer 13

acoustically (based on sounds of words)
eg. may thinu Hey heared Cap instead of cat

Question 14

What is LTM encoding

Answer 14

LTM encoding: Semantically (based on meaning)
eg. might accidentally replace the word ‘big’ instead of large’

Question 15

What is Capacity?

Answer 15

Capacing is the amount of informaion that can be held in a memory store

Question 16

How long does the short term memory last for?

Answer 16

STM = 7+/- 2(5-9 items)

Question 17

What’s the capacity of sensory term memory?

Answer 17

Smt - very high
Lots of information coming in from the environment though your senses

Question 18

What’s your capacity for long term memory?

Answer 18

If you forget Something, It might still be there, but you are unable to access it.
Unlimited amount

Question 19

What is recall?

Answer 19

Recall - the retrieval of information from memory without a cue .
- In free recall, the individual generates information Without a a cue.
- When we use a cue to aid recall this is called, cued recall

Question 20

What is recognition ?

Answer 20

Recognition - is a response to a sensory cue
- When you see someting, you compare it to information stored in your memory and If you find a match you “recognise” it
• A form of memory retrieval Where you identify something based on previous experience

Question 21

What is retrieval cues

Answer 21

Retrieval Cues - Additional pieces of information Which are encoded alongside the main Information in someone’s environment to help us access material in our memory at recall.
eg. memory aids - mnemonics, or the Place that we remember things in