Cog rm Flashcards
Experiments
study cause and effect
relation between iv and dv
iv=changed/manipulated & dv= meausred
variables constant= only iv changes dv
laboratory
special enviro and ext variables are controled
randomly allocated and aims of study arent disclosed
Experiments help determine the extent to which one variable causes a change in another, typically behavior.
lab adv and dis
adv=highly controlled= iv is directly manipulated eg badley had 4 diff types of words but ext controlled eg porojector 3s= same exp
so confident in cause and effect
dis= artificial enviro= less natural= try hard compared to irl= findings les rep in day to day
The IV is changed by the experimenter, while the DV is the outcome that is observed as a result.
field
controls iv but not ext to same extent eg nor randomly alllocated
This ensures that any changes in the DV can be attributed to the manipulation of the IV.
field adv and dis
adv= allows to look for specific reuslts
dis= ext may impact reuslts
Laboratory settings allow for careful control of variables.
hypothesis
prediction and find if right or wrong
The IV is directly manipulated, and extraneous variables are controlled.
nul
iv no effect on dv= nothing happens
experimental
iv effect on dv
1 tailed
2 tailed
directional= specific direction of outcome
non directional= either direction so more or less
experimental design isssues
order effects, demand characteristics, participant variables, no.ppt required in a sample
independant
eg seb&gill
experimental and control teatment and randomly allocated
matched pairs
match characteristics specific to study= large group inc
repeated meausres
expose every ppt to each condition= order of effects is removed by counter balancing
extrenous v
affects dv= confusion
when it looks like effect was from iv= confounding v
situational
Connected with research eg temp, lighting, instructions
Standardise procedure and instructions by controlling so exp same
Ensure only that differs between conditions is IV
participant
Characteristics that affect finding eg age, intelligence,exp= perform better + focus on relevant to task
Repeated measures and matched pairs reduces risk
demand characterisitics
Make sense and act eg unhelpful,social desirability or high anxiety
Single blind+ distractor so won’t guess aims easily
exp effects
Expextion effects so double blind procedure means no expectations
wilcoxon
1 diff between conditions with minus or plus
2 rank and same is AVG no diff= omit data
3 rank if positive or neg and add them up
4 smallest value is T
Statement of sig
calculated value of t_ is less/greater than the critical value at 5% for 1tailed test _ results are significant/not.
null hypothesis is rejected/accepted
Mann Whitney
A+B= groups, n=ppt, R= ranks
1 calculate ranks and add them up
2 formula
3 smallest is U
Significance for Mann whiteney
calculated value of u _ is less/greater than the critical value _
results are significant/not.
null hypothesis is rejected/accepted
