Cog Psych Ch. 4 Key Terms Flashcards
Articulatory suppression
task designed to prevent the rehearsal of information in the subvocal rehearsal mechanism of the articulatory loop
Brown-Peterson task
measures how long immediate memory lasts
Chunking (recoding)
- separating a string of info into sets of meaningful info
- regrouping info in STM to increase the number of items that can be remembered
Decay
loss of information from memory with the passage of time
Episodic buffer
subcomponent of working memory responsible for integrating info processed by phological loop & visuospatial sketchpad, as well as info from LTM.
Executive attention
immediate memory whereby we control the allocation of attention
Executive control
characteristic of attention that allows for the selective (but capacity-limited) control of attention
-handles higher order processes (planning, reasoning, language comprehension)
Interference
when information currently in memory is negatively influenced by the presentation of other information
Immediate memory
aka STM, consists of a set of processes that temporarily hold & rehearse the info currently occupying your awareness
Ironic process of control theory
responsible for activating thoughts related to the relevant goal at hand
Irrelevant speech effect
spoken stimulus presented (even if if irrelevant and “ignored”) during the processing of info, has the potential to disrupt memory for that information
long-term memory
the representations of experiences, knowledge, and skills that we have accumulated throughout our lifetimes
Magical number 7 (+-)2
number of items that can be retained in STM, held true for words, numbers, and musical notes. served as basis for 7 digit phone numbers
Memory span
capacity of short-term memory; the longest string of info a person can immediately recall
Mind-wandering
accidental absence of attention, day dreaming.
Modal model
information processing view of memory that says a series of chronologically arranged stages through which incoming info passes (sensory>STM>LTM)
Phonological loop
subsystem of working memory model where we recycle info through articulation.
Phonological similarity effect
similar sounding items interfere with one another. Worse memory for words composed of similar sounds
Phonological store
component of Baddeley’s working memory model; holds info temporarily and as such represents the time-limited nature of immediate memory
Primacy effect
tendency to remember the earliest items ina. presented list especially well
Recency effect
tendency to remember the latest items in a presented list especially well
Retention interval
amount of time between encoding and retrieval
Retroactive interference
occurs when later information interferes with the ability to retain information that came earlier
Self-Regulation
ability to delay immediate gratification and wait for a larger reward
