Coffee Master Flashcards
Why is being a barista important? Why is being a coffee master important?
Responsible for the last 10 feet of our coffee’s journey. Handcrafted coffee beverage and link between team members, customer and the people that grow, source, taste and roast our coffee.
Knowing the creation of each bag helps to be inspired during that 10 feet.
Contribuate the mission: to inspire and nurture the human spirit - one person, one cup, one neighborhood at a time.
In what does a coffee master play a significant role?
Impacting beverage quality
Sharing expertise
Selling coffee
Inspire other partners to deepen and share coffee knowledge (1 part knowledge, 2 parts action)
When were the first coffee cherries discovered?
A.D. 800-900
Legend has it that in Ethiopia, Kaldi the goat herder noticed his goats were energetic after eating the berries of a certain shrug, so he tried it.
A monk came across Kaldi and tried those berries. He crushed them in powder and added boiling water. Tasted and realized it released energy. Shared his finding in the monastery. «Gift from the Lord» cause it kept awake during long prayers.
When and what is the second step in coffee history?
Circa 1000
Arabian Coffee Traders bring back coffee back to their homeland. (Across the red sea to Yemen [Arabia])
There, first time the beans are roasted and the plant cultivated on plantations.
Muslim prepare it as a bean broth (by boiling beans), they believe it wards evil.
When and how did coffee first travel in the world?
1300
Coffee Travels with the spread of islam
Islam spreads to North Africa, the Mediterranean and Asia -> coffee travels along with it.
But by boiling the beans, they prevent them from sprouting outside of Arabia, until an Indian smuggled untreated beans out of the Mecca to grow elsewhere)
What happened during the 1450-1650 period?
Ottoman Turks bring Coffee to Constantinople (Istanbul)
Coffeehouses appeared throughout the arabian world (important social place for men)
Women not allowed in but they drink coffee for medical purposes (aphrodisiac). Under Turkish law a man who did not provide enough coffee to his wife could be sued for divorce.
When and how did coffee enter Europe?
1615-1700
A venitian merchant fell in love with coffee in Turkey, brought it in Italy to sell. It quickly spread throughout Europe.
Coffehouses opened in Italy (1645-1655), London (1652) and Paris (1672), became gathering places where many important institutions were born (the London Stock Exchange was born at Garraway’s)
More demand -> more coffee needed to be grown
When, and by who was coffee smuggled out of Arabian port of Mocha?
1690, Dutch began exporting coffee.
By smuggling a coffee plant out of the Arab port of Mocha, the Dutch became the first to transport and cultivate coffee commercially— first in Ceylon and in their East Indian colony of Java.
Amsterdam became a trading center for coffee.
What happened in 1714
Dutch, who make large amount of coffee, give a coffee tree as a royal gift to Louis XIV.
A naval officer steals a sprout and exports it to Martinique. In the Caribean, it becomes the father of a lot of Arabica Trees in the former french colonies of central and latin America.
When and by who was the Dutch and French Monopoly broken?
In 1727 by Brazilia.
Brazilian Lieutenant Colonel Francisco de Melo Palheta, sent to resolve a conflict between the French and Dutch colonies in Guiana, began an affair with the wife of French Guiana’s governor.
On parting, she presented M. Palheta with a farewell bouquet where she’d concealed fertile seeds of coffee. (t would turn Brazil into one of the world’s largest coffee-producing country. And would turn coffee from a beverage for the elite into a drink for everyday people.)
Name and date a coffee tree disease.
Coffee Leaf Rust, 1869. Destroys plantations in Ceylon (Sri Lanka), India and spreads in Asia.
What happened in 1882
The New York Coffee Exchange Opens.
What are the two major coffee innovations to happen in 1900-1910?
- R. W. Hills developed a process that removed air from coffee packages, kept beans fresh much longer. (nice for customers, bad for local roasters who had to close shop)
- Luigi Bezzera, an Italian businessman, invented the first commercial “espresso” machine in 1901. Rumor has it that he wanted his workers to have shorter coffee breaks, so he created a machine that sped up the process of brewing. Hence the name espresso.
When was the process of decaffeinating coffee invented?
In 1903, by accident, by german coffee importers Roselius and Wimmer.
One of their shipments of coffee from Nicaragua was soaked in seawater. Tasted good, but lost most of its caffeine. Because they did not want to sell salty coffee, the importer’s researchers discovered how to extract caffeine using solvents and steam.
When and how was invented - soluble coffee coffee filter - the first automatic coffee - instant coffee.
- 1901, by Japanese-american chemist Satori Kato. In 1906 inventor George Washington took this concept and premiered the
first mass-produced instant coffee. Unfortunately, it had very little flavor, leaving much room for improvement. - 1908, by a German Housewife (Bentz) who made trials to find a way to brew the ideal cup of coffee without the bitterness that can result from overbrewing. Her son’s school blotting paper was the best tool.
- 1933, Dr. Ernesto Illy Develops the First Automatic Espresso Machine (Father of the Espresso)
- Brazilian now prolific, huge surplus, need an easier way to make coffee so that more people would drink it. They reached out to the Swiss company Nestlé. Max Morgenthaler had to develop a coffee that would instantly dissolve in water without losing its flavor. It took him seven years to perfect his freeze-dried instant coffee, and thus Nescafé was born.
It became such a popular drink with the U.S. Armed Forces that during WWII the production was reserved exclusively for military use. Sales were also boosted in 1956 with the introduction of commercial breaks on U.S. TV; no time to brew to, but time to make instant coffee.
- Brazilian now prolific, huge surplus, need an easier way to make coffee so that more people would drink it. They reached out to the Swiss company Nestlé. Max Morgenthaler had to develop a coffee that would instantly dissolve in water without losing its flavor. It took him seven years to perfect his freeze-dried instant coffee, and thus Nescafé was born.
What technological progress happen in 1945
Steam Gives Way to Piston
Up to this point, all espresso machines were steam-based (added a bitter or burnt taste)
Achille Gaggia made a machine that abandoned steam and used manually operated piston pumps and water to extract the brew
at a higher pressure.
His machine was a success, and his new technique revealed an unexpected discovery: crema
The steam- free brewing technique and the lever-operated piston are still the basis of espresso machines
Which word entered thw world’s lexicon in 1948?
Cappuccino. Means little hood because of the coffee’s brown color and the pointy cap of foam placed atop the drink reminded Italians of the Capuchins, the brown-robed hooded order of monks
When and how did speciality coffee come to United States?
Alfred Peet, the son of a Dutch coffee roaster, found the US coffee to be of such poor quality and weak in taste that he started roasting his own—and soon opened Peet’s Coffee & Tea in Berkeley, California. He developed an appetite for dark-roasted coffee among enthusiastic academics, and he mentored Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker (Founders of Sbux) in his roasting style.
What happened in 1971?
Starbucks Opens Its First Store in Seattle’s Pike Place Market It started in a brainstorming session that referenced the first mate (Starbuck) in Melville’s novel Moby Dick. The name evoked the romance of the high seas and the seafaring tradition of early coffee traders.
What is elevation the mark of in coffee world?
Quality.
What type of beans grow at high altitude? At low altitude?
High quality arabica beans grow at the highest elevations coffee trees can grow (from 3000 to 6000 feet or 900 to 1800 m)
At these high altitudes, special microclimates nurture the beans with an ideal recipe of temperature, sunlight and rainfall. And the cooler evenings slow down the maturation of coeffe cherries, allowing the flavors to develop more fully.
Robusta beans typically grow at low elevation. They grow bigger and faster than arabica beans, though less dense. And the trees are easier to cultivate and more resistant to disease. Almost half the coffee-growing world cultivates robusta because it’s more accessible. But the flavor of the coffee is typically inferior.
How does the altitude at which coffee grows impact its quality?
At high elevations, warm temperatures during the day and cooler temperatures at night slow down the coffee cherry’s growth. More time on the tree means more time for the beans to develop a complex flavor profile. The result of high-grown coffee? A harder, smaller bean rich with complex flavor. And the denser the bean, the darker the roast it can take.
How is the region where coffee trees grow called? Where is it?
Coffee trees grow in the equatorial band between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn known as “the Coffee Belt.”
How many primary coffee-growing regions are there? What are they?
There are three primary coffee-growing regions, each distinct in its landscape, climate and in the flavor it imparts to the coffees grown and processed there.
Coffee, like wine grapes, gets much of its flavor from the specific growing conditions and processing methods of each producing region.
The regions are Latin America, Africa/Arabia and Asia/Pacific
What can we say about the coffee-growing region of Latin America?
How is the coffee.
It includes Mexico and countries in Central and South America.
Important for Sbucks, in 2009 it made up majority of our total purchase volume.
Washed coffee using fermentation to develop flavor = Consistent flavor and quality, so we use them as the foundation to a lot of blend.
well-balanced flavors of cocoa or nuts, as well as a crisp, bright acidity.
How many countries in Latin America does Sbucks deal with?
Starbucks purchases coffee from approximately 10 different countries in Latin America. Below we have highlighted Guatemala and Costa Rica.
