Cofactors, Coenzymes, Prosthetic Groups Flashcards
What is the difference between cofactors and coenzymes?
Cofactors are non-protein components that help enzymes carry out their functions. Coenzymes are organic cofactors.
From which chemical are cofactors derived?
Cofactors are derived from minerals.
From which chemical are coenzymes derived?
Coenzymes are derived from vitamins.
What is the cofactor found in amylase?
The cofactor found in amylase is the chloride ion.
What is the cofactor involved in photosynthesis?
The cofactor involved in photosynthesis is NADP.
What are the cofactors involved in respiration?
The cofactors involved in respiration are NAD and FAD.
What is the difference between cofactors and prosthetic groups?
Cofactors are temporarily bound to the enzyme, while prosthetic groups are permanently bound.
What is the prosthetic group in haemoglobin?
The prosthetic group in haemoglobin is the iron ion in the haem group.
What is the prosthetic group in carbonic anhydrase?
The prosthetic group in carbonic anhydrase is Zn2+.
What are the three ways that an enzyme can be activated by changing the tertiary structure?
- Adding a cofactor
- Action of another enzyme (e.g., cleaving bonds to activate enzyme)
- Change in condition (e.g., pH)
Why is it important that some enzymes are produced in their inactive form?
It is important to prevent potential damage to the cell that produced them.
What is an apoenzyme?
An apoenzyme is the inactive form of an enzyme.
What is a holoenzyme?
A holoenzyme is the active form of an enzyme.
