Coevolution

Question 1

Coevolution

Answer 1

Reciprocal evolutionary change between interacting species, driven by natural selection (always)

Question 2

Evolutionary Arms Race

Answer 2

The species involved each evolve countermeasures to the adaptations of the others

Question 3

Mutualism

Answer 3

Both species benefit from interaction

Question 4

Mosaic Coevolution

Answer 4

The same two species interact mutualistically in some communities but antagonistically in others

Question 5

Diffuse Coevolution

Answer 5

Relationship that involves more than two species that affect one another

Question 6

Pair-Wise Coevolution

Answer 6

Relationship only involves two species

Question 7

Explain how Co-Speciation can occur

Answer 7

Concurrent occurance of speciation in both partners of an interspecific mutualism

Question 8

Explain Difference Between Predator-Prey Coevolution and Parasite-Host Evolution

Answer 8

Predator-Prey Coevolution
-Prey evolve a method to escape predators
-Predators evolve a method to counter the new escape mechanism of the prey
Ex: Consider a simple predator–prey system in which a predator feeds on only one species of prey, and this species of prey is preyed on by only this one predator
-All else equal, selection will favor any trait in the prey that increases its chances of escaping predation
-If such a trait evolves in prey, this immediately intensifies selection on predators for traits that increase their probability of capturing and consuming their now better-adapted-to-escape prey
-Such a trait in predators will then favor any trait in prey that allows them to escape their now better-adapted-to-kill predators, and so on
Host-Parasite Evolution
-When populations of a host species become geographically isolated from one another, this will often produce geographic isolation among the parasite populations
-As the host populations diverge, selection acts in new ways, not only on individuals in the host populations but also on the parasite populations they carry
-If divergence in the host species is great enough, and host speciation occurs, this could lead to speciation in the parasite as well

Question 9

How is Cheating Prevented in Mutualisms

Answer 9

Example: Soybean plants and rhizobial bacteria have a mutualistic relationship. When the bacteria cheats, soybean plants will restrict oxygen to them which may lead to lead

Question 10

Explain the Role of Mimicry in Coevolution

Answer 10

-Batesian Mimicry helps palatable species that look like unpalatable species survive longer since they look like the poisonous/toxic species
-Mullerian Mimicry will have unpalatable species look alike to be identified easier

Question 11

Antagonistic

Answer 11

Each species decreases the fitness of the other species

Question 12

Batesian Mimicry

Answer 12

A palatable species resembles an unpalatable species

Question 13

Mullerian Mimicry

Answer 13

Unpalatable species resemble one another