Coelom And Respiratory

Question 1

When do the intercellular clefts begin to form?

Answer 1

Day 19

Question 2

When does the lateral plate mesoderm split?

Answer 2

Day 20

Question 3

When does the mushroom stage occur?

Answer 3

Day 21

Question 4

When does the isolation of the embryonic coelom occur?

Answer 4

Day 24

Question 5

When does the body cavity complete closure (lateral folding)?

Answer 5

By the end of the 4th week

Question 6

What will the angiogenic cell cluster become?

Answer 6

Future heart

Question 7

When does cranial-caudal folding begin?

Answer 7

Day 22

Question 8

When does the primitive gut form?

Answer 8

Day 28

Question 9

What do the pleuropericardial folds become? What do they contain? When is this occurring?

Answer 9

Fibrous pericardium. Phrenic nerves. 5th week

Question 10

When is the diaphragm formed and what is it composed of?

Answer 10

7th week. Pleuroperitoneal membranes, transverse septum, somatic mesoderm, esophageal mesenchyme

Question 11

What do the pericardioperitoneal canals connect?

Answer 11

The future abdomen and thorax

Question 12

What is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

Answer 12

Failure of the pericardioperitoneal canals to close (more likely to occur on the left side)

Question 13

What is a congenital esophageal hernia?

Answer 13

Delay in the descent of the stomach so that the esophageal hiatus is larger than normal

Question 14

What is congenital eventration of the diaphragm?

Answer 14

Failure of the somatic mesoderm to migrate in causing thin, weak muscle

Question 15

Failure of proper folding can lead to what defects?

Answer 15

Sternal cleft, Ectopia cordis

Question 16

What induces the respiratory diverticulum to form for endoderm and mesoderm? When does this start?

Answer 16

Nkx2.1, FGF10 and Wnt2/2b. Week 4

Question 17

What helps separate the trachea from the esophagus?

Answer 17

Wnt signaling

Question 18

How many rounds of branching occurs to produce the terminal bronchioles? When does this occur by?

Answer 18

14 rounds. 16th week

Question 19

When do the respiratory bronchioles appear?

Answer 19

16th-28th weeks

Question 20

When do you have maturation of the alveoli?

Answer 20

36th week

Question 21

What induces the outgrowth of the respiratory ducts? What also occurs at this time?

Answer 21

FGF10. Lung vasculature development

Question 22

What inhibits mitosis and the center of respiratory ducts?

Answer 22

BMP4 found in apical epithelial cells

Question 23

What can result from abnormal separation of the trachea and esophagus?

Answer 23

Tracheoesophageal fistulas

Question 24

What is the term for lack of formation of the trachea and/or lungs?

Answer 24

Tracheal/pulmonary agenesis

Question 25

What is gross malformation of the lungs?

Answer 25

Irregular branching leading to abnormal lobation

Question 26

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 26

Lungs are not fully developed and make it difficult for infant to breathe