Coding

Question 1

Psychologist and year?

Answer 1

Baddeley 1966

Question 2

Aim?

Answer 2

To test the effects of acoustic and semantic similarity in STM and LTM

Question 3

What did the findings suggest?

Answer 3

STM is largely encoded acoustically whereas LTM is largely encoded semantically

Question 4

Evaluation ❌

Answer 4

• visual codes are also used in STM
• Brandimote et al 1992: participants used visual coding in STM if they were given a visual task and prevented from doing any verbal rehearsal in the retention interval
• suggests STM is not exclusively acoustic

Question 5

Evaluation ❌

Answer 5

• LTM may not be exclusively semantic
• Frost 1972: long term recall was related to visual as well as semantic categories
• Nelson and Rothbart 1972: evidence of acoustic coding in LTM
• coding in LTM can vary according to circumstances

Question 6

Evaluation ❌

Answer 6

• methodology has been criticised
• LTM was tested by waiting 20 mins
• questionable as to whether this was really testing LTM
• casts doubt on validity of Baddeley’s research