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Coding Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Algorithm?

A

The sequence of steps taken to solve a problem.

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2
Q

What are the 3 steps in an Algorithm?

A

Sequence, Selection, Iteration

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3
Q

What does Sequence mean?

A

Means code will run in order, one line at a time, top to bottom.

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4
Q

What does Selection mean?

A

When a programmer only wants to run specific lines of code is certain criteria is met.

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5
Q

What terms are used for Selection in an Algorithm?

A

IF, THEN, and ELSE statements are used to repeat instructions or to move to different parts of the programme.

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6
Q

What does Iteration mean?

A

Repeating the same line of code through a loop.

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of Iteration loops?

A

For loops, While loops, Repeat until loops

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8
Q

What is Flow Control?

A

The order actions are carried out which is often shown as a flow chart.

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9
Q

What symbol shows a direction? - Flow Control

A

Arrows

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10
Q

What symbol shows the start and end? - Flow Control

A

Ovals

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11
Q

What symbol shows inputs and outputs? - Flow Control

A

Parallelograms

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12
Q

What symbol shows processes? - Flow Control

A

Rectangles

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13
Q

What symbol shows decisions? - Flow Control

A

Diamonds

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14
Q

What is a Sub-routine? - Flow Control

A

When a process box links to another flow chart which feeds back into the main process.

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15
Q

What is Pseudocode?

A

An artificial text-based language that helps programmers develop algorithms in the normal structure but for human reading.

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16
Q

When is Pseudocode used?

A

In planning stages before the actual coding happens.

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17
Q

What are the 6 phases of the Software Testing Life Cycle?

A

Requirement gatherings and analysis, Design (agile), Implementation/coding, Testing, Deployment, Maintenance

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18
Q

What is the Requirement Gathering and Analysis Stage? - STLC

A

Determines the requirements and deliverables of the project. A Requirement Specification Document (RSD) is created which acts as guidelines.

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19
Q

What is the Design (agile) stage? - STLC

A

The system and software are designed using the RSD document. Agile development is the most common technique.

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20
Q

What is the Implementation/Coding stage? - STLC

A

The team creates the actual product following requirements.

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21
Q

What is the Testing stage? - STLC

A

The code is tested against the specifications.

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22
Q

What are the 4 types of Functional Testing? - STLC

A

Unit, Integration, System, and Acceptance Testing

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23
Q

What are the 3 types of Non-Functional Testing? - STLC

A

Static, Dynamic, and Dry Run Testing

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24
Q

What is the Deployment Stage? -STLC

A

Puts the product into production so it can be used in a real environment. This is when the business does Beta Testing.

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25
What is the maintenance stage? STLC
The product is maintained and updated over time.
26
What is HTML?
The principal markup language, text-based, used to create structured documents to be displayed in a web browser.
27
What is Markup Language?
A collection of symbols used to specify the content of a document
28
What are Tags?
Describes how an element should be represented in an HTML file.
29
What do HTML Tags look like?
They come in pairs and specify paragraphs, headings, etc (

Heading

)
30
What is a Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)?
Linked to HTML with information on how the page should look (fonts, colours, etc).
31
What are the benefits of a CSS?
Easily separated from HTML so easy to find and edit, each edit can change the overall theme and override previous themes.
32
What are the 3 types of CSS?
External, Internal, Inline.
33
What is Separation of Concern?
Separates structure (HTML) and look (CSS).
34
What is JavaScript?
Scripting language which enables interactive web pages. It interacts on the client.
35
What are the 5 basic variables in JavaScript?
Basic Syntax, Variables and Types, String, Boolean, Array (read more in notes)
36
What is PHP?
A scripting language which enables interactive web pages which execute on the server. It is embedded in HTML and performs operations from the PHP script.
37
What is the mission of the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)?
To lead the web to its full potential so it is accessible to everyone. Includes practices which make the web-accessible.
38
What is Bootstrap?
A free front-end framework for easier web development including CSS templates, and JavaScript plug-ins.
39
What is a web server?
The server software/hardware dedicated to running software that serves content to the web.
40
What is HTTP?
Defines how communication takes place between the client and the server and what actions web browsers should take in response to prompts.
41
What is a Web Server Software?
Designed to be used, operated, and managed on a computing server.
42
What is a Client?
A computer device that accesses a service made available by a server.
43
What is a Host?
A computer connected to other computers as it provides data over a network. It must have an IP address.
44
What is a Router?
A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
45
What are the 2 Mail Server categories?
Outgoing and Incoming
46
What are Outgoing Mail Servers?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) servers
47
What are Incoming Mail Servers?
Post Office Protocol (POP3) = stores messages on local hard drives. Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) = stores messages on servers.
48
What are Content Management Systems (CMS)?
A web application to make it easy for non-technical users to add, edit, and manage a website (WordPress)
49
What are Meta Tags?
The HTML code that search engines use to evaluate what a page is about.
50
What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
A network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another host across the internet.
51
What is a Web Browser?
A software application for accessing the web.
52
What is a Web Authoring Software?
Enables the user to develop a website in a desktop publishing format. ('what you see is what you get' software).
53
What is a Database Management System (DBMS)?
Interacts with end users, other applicants, and the database to capture and analyse data.
54
How do different DBMS's share data?
Structured Query Language (SQL)
55
What are protocols?
sets of rules which are used to route data between networks or devices.
56
What happens when a user enters a URL?
A HTTP command is sent to the web server for it to fetch the required page.
57
What is a HTTP Status Code?
Error messages given by web servers.
58
What is HTTPS?
A variant of HTTP which adds a layer of security through Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol.
59
What format do the FTP Directory Paths follow?
UNIX format
60
What is the difference between ASCII and Binary Mode? - FTP
Binary mode is used to transfer non-text files, ASCII is for text files.
61
What is the difference between Active and Passive Mode? - FTP
Active Mode = the server initiates a data connection and begins transferring data Passive Mode = the client must initiate transferring
62
What are the 2 types of secure FTP?
FTPs and SFTP (built on SSH2 and common in UNIX systems)
63
What is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)?
A protocol for sending email messages between servers.
64
What is SMTP Coding?
Provides a set of codes that simplify the communication of email messages between servers.
65
What is Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)?
An integrated plug-in which encodes all the non-text into plain text so SMTP can transfer all the data.
66
What is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) Suite?
A suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the web.
67
What is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
Defines how applications create channels of communication across a network.
68
What is Internet Protocol (IP)?
Defines how to address and route each packet so it reaches it destination.
69
What are the 3 layers of the TCP/IP Suite?
Transport Layer, Network Layer, and Physical Layer
70
What is the Domain Name System (DNS)?
A protocol within the TCP/IP Suite which turns domain names into an IP address.
71
What is Web Application Security?
The process of securing confidential data stored online from hackers.
72
What is a Web Hosting Service?
A service which allows websites to be accessible via the internet. Web Hosts provide the space and internet connectivity.
73
What is Crawling?
The process of search engines finding new web content.
74
What is Indexing?
After crawling, a search engine creates an index of key words on a page.
75
What is Ranking?
The score assigned to pages which affects the ranking of organic results.
76
What is Panda?
Google uses to analyse websites - promotes high-quality content
77
What is Penguin?
Google uses to analyse websites - tackles 'black hat' techniques.
78
What is Artificial Influencing?
When you try to artificially influence the search results
79
Is Dry Run Testing a static or dynamic test?
Static
80
What are the 4 phases of the Deployment Stage?
Deployment preparation and procedures, Product deployment, Transferring ownership, Closing
81
What is a HTML antipattern?
Describing within an HTML tag how an HTML element should be formatted when rendered on a web page
82
What are two rules for well-formatted/optimised HTML?
Text must be contained with an open (

) and closed (

) tags and any new tag opened within another tag must be closed before the containing tag is closed (

text

)
83
What file extension does an external CSS have?
.css
84
How do you link an external CSS to HTML?
The webpage must include a reference in the element in the of the HTML code
85
Where do you find an internal CSS?
At the top of the webpage document by using a