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ARE 5.0 _ FL _ Plan + Desg > Codes & Regs DD > Flashcards

Codes & Regs DD Flashcards

1
Q

In what cases are Fire Partitions needed, per IBC?

A
  • Separating dwelling units (EG apartments)
  • Separating questrooms in R-1 (EG hotels) and R-2 and I-2
  • Separating tennant spaces (EG malls, offices)
  • Corridor walls

* exception within dwelling units in R and I-1
* exception in B where only one means fo egress is required

  • Separating elevators lobbies in highrise buildings, I-1, and I-2

** Some of these have exceptions in certain occupancies with certain attributes, such as with an automatic sprinkler system or in certain Construction Types.

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2
Q

What are the IBC-required articulations of a Fire Partition?

A
  • Must have a 1-hour rating
  • Must extend continuously from the floor to the underside of floor/roof above
  • Must be continuous through concealed spaces
  • May terminate lower if at a F.R.Rated horizontal assembly
  • Openings must have a 3/4-hour rating

* exception for in corridors, which may have a 20-minute rating

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3
Q

In what cases are Fire Barriers required by the IBC?

A
  • To enclose means up egress
  • To separate Occupancies
  • To separate a single Occupancy into different fire areas
  • Various other specific uses
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4
Q

What are the IBC-required arcticulations for a Fire Barrier?

A
  • Can be from 1- to 4-hour rated
  • Must always be continuous from the floor to the bottom of floor/roof (very few exceptions to this)
  • Openings must have from a 45-minutes to 3-hour rating
  • Openings cannot make up more than 25% of the linear length of the Barrier

* exception if the opening has an ASTM E119 fire rating equal or greater than the Barrier

  • No single opening can be more than 156 SF

* exception if the entire fire areas on either side have an automatic sprinkler system
* exception if the fire door serving an exit enclosure
* exception if the opening has an ASTM E119 fire rating equal or greater than the Barrier

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5
Q

What are the standar abreviations for rated fire opening products?

A

“W” - meets the wall F.R.R. test, ASTM E119

“OH” - meets the window F.R.R.test, including hose stream, NFPA 257

“D” - meets the door F.R.R. test, NFPA 252 (or UL 10B or 10C)

“H” - meets specifically thedoor hose stream tests for the above

“T” - meets only the 30-minute, 450-degrees temperature rise test for the above

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6
Q

What are the IBC-required artictulations for a Fire Wall?

A
  • From 2- to 4-hour rated
  • Must be continuous from the foundation to (or through) the roof
  • Must be constructed in such a manner that the structure on one side of the Wall can collapse without compromising the structure on the other side
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7
Q

What are the IBC-required articulations for a Smoke Barrier?

A
  • Minimum of 1-hour rated
  • Openings must have at least a 20-minute rating
  • Design in such a way to restrict the passage of smoke
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8
Q

What are the most common tests used to standardize flammablility of specific materials? What are their general uses?

A

Flammability of finish materials:

  • ASMT E84
  • NFPA 265
  • NFPA 286

Flammability of specific types of materials:

  • NFPA 289
  • NFPA 701
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9
Q

What are the general principles of the material flammability tests?

A
  • test whether a material is flammable or not
  • test whether a flammable material simply burns or supports continued combustion
  • tests degree of flammability (speed of flame spread)
  • tests how much smoke and other toxic gasses a material emits when ignited
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10
Q

What is ASTM E84? What is its general testing and rating process?

A
  • “Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials”
  • Also known as the “Steiner tunnel test”
  • A sample of the material is placed in a narrow test chamber with a flame at one end.
  • The material is given an FSI (Flame Spread Index) from 0-200 and can also be given an SDI (Smoke Development Index).
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11
Q

What is the general meaning and use of the Flame Spread Index classes?

A
  • FSI can be from 0-200
  • Classes are:
  • 0-25 - Class A (or I)
  • 26-75 - Class B (or II)
  • 76-200 - Class C (or III)
  • Building codes can specify which class or FSI of materials are acceptable in which circumstances
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12
Q

What is NFPA 265? What is its general testing and rating process?

A
  • “Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaltuating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile or Expanded Vinyl Wall Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls”
  • One of two tests that are both more commonly called the “Room Corner Test”
  • A textile is applied to three sides of an 8’ x 12’ x 8’ tall room. An ignition source in one corner of the room runs at 40kW for 5 minuse and then 150 kW for 10 minutes
  • The material passes if:
  • during the 40kW time, flame does not spread to the ceiling
  • at no time do the flames reach the outer edeg of any of the walls
  • the material does not “flashover”
  • peak heat production does not exceed 800 kW
  • total smoke produced does not exceed 1,000 cubic meters
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13
Q

What is NFPA 286? What is its general testing and rating process?

A
  • “Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finishes to Room Fire Growth”
  • One of two tests that are more commonly called the “Room Corner Test”
  • For non-textile materials
  • Similar set-up and passing requirements as for NFPA 265 (12x8 room, inginition source in the corner, ETC)
  • Differences: more of the walls in the test room are covered with the material and it may also be used to test ceiling applications
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14
Q

What is NFPA 289?

A
  • “Standard Method of Fire Tests for Individual Fuel Packages”
  • Determines the contibution to smoke and fire spread of unique ‘fuels’ in the presence of diffirent types of ignition sources.
  • Commonly used to test:
  • Individual Decorative Objects
  • Exhibit Booths
  • Theater / motion picture state sets
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15
Q

What is NFPA 701?

A
  • “Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films”
  • Tests the flammability of draperies, curtains, and other window treatments (IE, textiles that are open to air on both sides)
  • Covers of two different types of test for different weights of textiles
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16
Q

What types of wall/ceiling coverings are required by IBC to be rated, and which aren’t?

A

Included:

  • Wainscoting
  • Paneling
  • Heavy wall coverings
  • Acoustical finishes
  • Surface insulation

Excluded:

  • Trim (as long as at least Class C flame spread + less than 10% of the wall/ceiling area)
  • Handrails
  • Doors and windows
  • Materials less than 0.036 in cemented to non-combustible walls/ceilings
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17
Q

What are the general requirements by IBC for floor finishes?

A
  • ‘Traditional’ floor coverings are exempt (EG, wood, vinyl, linoleum, ETC)
  • Floor coverings of textile or fibers are regulated
  • All floor coverings must either be a Class I or Class II material via test NFPA 253
  • Many exceptions exist for different occupancies and locations
  • Often, if the entire building has an automatic sprinkler system, Class II materials can be used where Class I would be required
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18
Q

What generally is the test NFPA 253?

A
  • Fire rating of floor finishes of textile or fiber materials
  • Measure the amount of radiant energy needed to sustain flame in the material
  • 0.45 W or more is Class I …. 0.22 W or more is Class II
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19
Q

What materials do NOT count as “decorations” per IBC?

What are the allowable area coverable of decorations?

What tests apply to decorations?

A

Not Included:

  • Wall/ceiling coverings (less than 1.25in thick + tightly adhered to the wall)
  • Generic window shades

Allowable areas:

  • Generally: less than 10% of the wall/ceiling area
  • R-2 Dwelling Units: less than 50% of the wall/ceiling area (if fully sprinkled)
  • A Occupancies: less than 75% of the wall/ceiling area (if fully sprinkled)
  • B and M Occupancies: not limited

Applicable Tests:

  • NFPA 701 (flame propogation for textiles and films)
  • NFPA 289 (fuel load for individual objects)
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20
Q

What are the A Occupancy sub-classes?

A

A-1 : Assembly with fixed seating for viewing entertainment

A-2 : Assembly for food and drink consumpiton

A-3 : Assembly not classified elsewhere (worship, recreation, exhibition, conference, ETC)

A-4 : Assembly for indoor sports

A-5 : Assembly for outdoor sports

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21
Q

What are the R Occpancy sub-classes?

A

R-1 : Residential for transient lodging (hotels, ETC)

R-2 : Residential with multipl (3+) units (apartments, dorms, ETC)

R-3 : Residential for single (or 2-) family dwelling
(also for childcare <6 persons, non-24-hour)

R-4 : Residential for assisted living between 5-16 persons

22
Q

What are the common exceptions to IBC allowable Accessory Occupancies?

A
  • If a unit complies with other IBC live/work requirements, it is not considered an Unseparated Occupancy
  • Most H Occupancies must still have a fire separation
  • Dwelling and Sleeping Units in I-1, R-1, R-2, and R-3 must still be separated by a Fire Partition
23
Q

What are the general requirements fer IBC of an Incidental Use?

A
  • A use that poses a greater risk than the Occupancy in which it is located (boilers rooms, ETC)
  • Must be separated by a 2-hour Fire Barrier, sprinkled, or both
  • Cannot take up more than 10% of the story’s floor area
  • Does not apply to Incidental Uses that are entirely inside and serving a Dwelling Unit
  • If sprinklers negate the need for a Fire Barrier, a Smoke Barrier is still needed
24
Q

How is the IBC allowable building area and height modified for Mixed Occupancy buildings?

A
  • Each part of a building of a certain Occupancy is limited by it’s own allowable area and allowable height for that particular Occupancy (in combination with the Type of Construction)
  • If you take the ratio of the proposed area to the maximum allowable area for a certain part of a building of a certain Occupancy, and then sum that same ratio for all other parts of the building of other Occupancies, the sum of those ratios cannot be greater than 1.
  • The above rule also applies individually to each story of the building.
  • There are additional unique requirements for Hazardous Occupancies, Dwelling Units, Accessory Occupancies, and Non-Separated Occupancies
25
Q

What is the additional IBC requirement for building area if above a certain height?

A

For sprinkled buildings over 3 stories, the sum of the ratios for all floor of proposed area to allowable area for each floor cannot be over 4.

The sum cannot be over 3 for non-sprinkled buildings.

26
Q

What are the IBC’s three types of components in a Means of Egress?

A

Exit Access

  • The portion of the MoE leading up to the Exit
  • Can include rooms,, hallways, intervening spaces, ramps, doorways, ETC
  • The portion for which the Exit Access Travel Distance is calculated
  • Does not provide fire protection, even if made of F.R.R. assemblies

Exit

  • The portion of the MoE from Exit Access to Exit Discharge
  • Provides full protection from by being fully enclosed by F.R.R. assemblies and openings
  • Can be a door the exterior, a protected corridor or space, a Exit stair, ETC
  • EATD is not calculated from the Exit onward

Exit Discharge

  • The portion of the MoE from the Exit to the Public Way
  • Often include exterior exit balconies, exterior exit stairs, and exit courts
  • Can include a multi-story lobby, if certain requirements are met
27
Q

What are some of the miscellaneous requirements for egress doors?

A
  • If two are required, they must be no less than 1/2 the diagonal of the space they serve apart. This is reduced to 1/3 for sprinkled buildings
  • If three or more are required, then two of them must comply with the above, and all others most be located a “reasonable” distance apart such that if one was lost all others would still be available
  • The loss of any one may not may not reduce the required egress width by more than 50%
  • The egress width is the actual clear width of the door in the 90-degree position, which is usually less than the width of the door panel
28
Q

What is egress through an intervening space allowed?

A

All the following are met:

  • One of the two spaces is accessory to the other
  • Neither is an H Occupancy
  • There is a discernable and permenant path of egress
29
Q

How is the minimum width of a corridor determined?

A
  • By occupant load calculation
  • Not less that 44” except in certain circumstances
  • Access to mechanical building systems bay be 24”
  • Where occupant load it less than 50, it may be 36”
  • Within a dwelling unit it bay be 36”
30
Q

What is allowed to encroach on the cooridor width and by how much?

A
  • Doors may reduce the width by no more than 50% during their swing
  • Doors may not reduce the width by more than 7” in the fully-open position
  • Handrails may reduce the width by up to 4.5”
  • Trim, decorations, and other non-structural elements may reduce the width by up to 1.5”
  • Light fixtures and structural elements may reduce the width by up to 4” between 27” and 80”
31
Q

When are corridors required to be fire resistance rated?

A

They are required to be FRR and either fire partitions or fire barriers, per IBC, depending on occupancy, occupant load, and presence of sprinklers.

32
Q

In what sense must exit corridors be “continuous”?

A
  • Once a level of fire rating is present, it may not be reduced at any point from there to the Exit
  • Corridors may no require occupants to pass through an intervening space to reach the Exit
  • Intervening spaces are allowed if they are foyers/lobbies/reception/ETC and are constructed to thes same fire resistance requirements as the corridor
  • In B Occupancy, fully-sprinkled buildings, elevator lobbies may be an intervening space, as long as all parts of the building have access toanother Exit that is not through the elevator lobby
33
Q

What is the IBC restrictions on dead-end corridors? What are the exceptions

A

Dead-end corridors are limited to 20’ in length

Exceptions:

  • In certain Occupancies, if fully-sprinkled, 50’ is allowed
  • May be longer than 20’ if it is still less than 2.5* the width of the narrowest part of the corridor
34
Q

What are some general requirements for egress doors per IBC?

A
  • Must be clearly distinguishable and cannot be concealed by decorations
  • Cannot be covered with reflective materials
  • All egress doors must meet the same requirements, even if more than minimum are provided
  • Must be at least 32” clear when in the 90-degree position
  • Must be at least 80” clear height
  • May not be more than 48 wide
  • Must be a swing or side-pivot door (with some exceptions for certain situations)
  • Must swing in the direction of egress (except in non-H, less than 50-occupant areas)
  • Must open with <15lbf force (5lbf for non-closer, interior doors).
  • Must be set in motion with <30lbf
  • Must be fire-rated if placed in a fire-rated assembly (except in fully-sprinkled buildings of some Occupancies)
35
Q

What are the two types of interior egress stairs?

A

Interior Exit Stairway
A part of the ‘Exit’ that meets those requirements. They must be enclosed in a fire-rater partition, except in certain situations.

Exit Access Stairway
A part of the ‘Exit Access’ that does not need to meet ‘Exit’ requirements.

36
Q

What are some general requirements on all stairsways?

A
  • Similar width requirements to egress corridors
  • Handrails may only project up to 4-1/8” into the clear width
  • Risers must be from 4” to 7”, treads must be at least 11”
  • Must have a landing ever 12’ of vertical height
  • Landings must be 48” or equal to stair width (the lesser) in the direction of travel
  • Must have handrails on both sides
37
Q

What are the general requirements for handrails?

A
  • From 1-1/4” to 2” diameter
  • At least 1.5” clear from rail to wall
  • From 34” to 38” above finish floor / stair nosing
  • Must return to the wall, the floor, or to a post (IE, no open ends)
  • At stairs, must extend 12” beyond the top riser and not less than one tread width at the bottom riser
38
Q

How are high-rises defined?

A

Buildings with occupied floors more than 75’ above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.

39
Q

What are the general ventillation requirements for concealed spaces?

A

Attics, crawl-spaces, ETC be ventillated:

  • Ventilation area must be at least 1/150th of the area of the plan area of the space
  • In certain circumstances, it may be 1/300th
  • Vapor retarders are required in certain situations
  • Mechanical ventilation is also acceptable if it meets certain requirements
40
Q

What area of IBC details minimum plumbing fixtures?

A
  • IPC
  • IBC 2902
41
Q

What are the general IBC requirements for sound-rating?

A
  • In R Occupancies vertical and horizontal assemblies that separate guestrooms or dwelling units from each other or from public spaces must have a STC rating of 50 (or 45 field-verified).
  • Impact sound rating for class IIC must be 50 (or 45 field-verified)
  • Penetratiosn in sound partitions must maintain the rating
42
Q

What is a Bulk Plane Restriction?

A

A imaginary plane that extends from the front lot line or the center of road toward and over the lot at an angle. The building may not break this plane.

Similar to a setback. It protect light and air access for the public way and negihbors.

43
Q

What is a Conditional Use Permit?

A

Similar to a Zoning Variance, it allows for all or part of a site to be used in a way that zoning regulation would not otherwise allow, as long as the owner meets other imposed conditions.

Most often granted in the case that he conditional use is of benefit to the public.

44
Q

What is an Automatically-Closing Door?

A

A door which is normaly held in the open position but which is released AND closes on its own power when fire is detected.

45
Q

What is an Exit Enclosure and an Exist Passageway?

A

Exit Enclosure:

  • A fully enclosed area that provides vertical or horizontal egress. Must be completely fire-rated and may not be used for any other use than egress. Must lead directly to an Exit Discharge or the Public Way.
  • It is part of the “Exit”.
  • It most often is the enclosure around an Interior Exit Stair

Exit Passageway:

  • Essentially the same definition as an Exit Enclosure, except it is only horizontal.
46
Q
A
47
Q

What is a Fire Door Assembly

A

The combination of door, frame, hardware, and other accessories that provide a certain level of fire protection.

48
Q

What is Fire Exit Hardware?

A

Panic hardware or devices approved to perform a similar function.

49
Q

What is Fire-Protection vs Fire-Rating?

A

Protection = openings

Rating = assemblies

50
Q

What is “Combustible” vs “Flammable”?

A

Combustible materials are those that will burn under any conditions normally found in a structural fire.

Flammable materials are those that will ingnite into open flame in the presence of an ignition source.

In other words, combustibles CAN burn in a fire, but flammables WILL burn whenever you light them on fire.

51
Q

What is a Horizontal Exit?

A

An opening in a fire-rated assembly which itself divides the building into separate fire-separated zones. The Horizontal Exit may, in certain cases, be allowed to be one of the “Exits”.

52
Q

What is a Non-Combustible material?

A

A material that will not ignite in fire, in accordance w/ test ASTM E136.

Also, can include an assembly with a Non-Combustible structural base and a maximum of 1/8” thick surface material which has a flame spread index of less than 50.

ARE 5.0 _ FL _ Plan + Desg (5 decks)

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