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Biology H > Code Orange > Flashcards

Code Orange Flashcards

Unit 2

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1
Q

Rough ER

A

Large structure that is studded with ribosomes (plays a role in protein synthesis, protein, and protein folding)

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2
Q

Smooth ER

A

Large structure that is lacking ribosomes (plays a role in lipid synthesis)

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3
Q

Chloroplast

A

Organelle that converts solar energy into chemical energy

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4
Q

Mitochondria

A

Supplies energy to the cell

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5
Q

Cell Membrane

A

A selectively permeable structures that allows specific things into and out of the cell

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6
Q

Cell Wall

A

Used for protection, structure and support in plant cells

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7
Q

Central Vacuole

A

A large structures that holds materials for the cell (mostly water)

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8
Q

Small Vacuole

A

Little structures in cells that contain water

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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fluid like organelle that holds other organelles (support)

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10
Q

Nucleus

A

Organelle that makes ribosomes

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11
Q

Nucleolus

A

Contains the genetic material in eukaryotic cells

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12
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Membrane enclosed sac containing enzymes that modify, sort, and package proteins

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13
Q

Ribosomes

A

Organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins

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14
Q

Lysosome

A

Contains enzymes that break down old cell waste in animal cells

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15
Q

Centriole

A

Used to pull chromosomes apart during cell division in animal cells

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16
Q

Vesicle

A

Small sacs containing nutrients or waste

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17
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Made up of microtubules that allow for organelle movement within the cell

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18
Q

What is the Cell Theory?

A
  1. All living things are made up of exiting cells
  2. Cell are the basic units of structure and function in living things
  3. New cells are produced from existing cells
19
Q

What is Cell Division?

A

the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

20
Q

What is the Cell Cycle?

A

A series of events/repeated patterns of growth and division that occurs in cells

21
Q

What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle (in order)?

A
  1. Interface)
  2. Mitosis
  3. Cytokinesis
22
Q

What are the stages of Interphase?

A
  1. G1
  2. S
  3. G2
23
Q

What is Interphase?

A

The phase of the cell cycle in which a cell copies its DNA to prepare for mitosis.

24
Q

What is prophase?

A

The nucleus begins to break down, the spindle fibers appear, and the chromosomes begin to condense and become visible

25
Q

What is Metaphase?

A

Chromosomes are lined-up/pulled to the middle of the cell

26
Q

What is Anaphase?

A

The spindle fibers shorten and the sister chromatids are pulled apart at their centromeres towards the poles

27
Q

What is Telophase?

A

The nuclear membrane starts to reform at each end of the cell and the spindle fibers begin to fall apart

28
Q

What is Cytokinesis?

A

The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate cells

29
Q

What is Apoptosis?

A

programmed cell death

30
Q

What is the purpose of cell division?

A

Cell reproduction, growth and development, and tissue renewal

31
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

They use their protein covered DNA or RNA to attach to the living cell. The virus puts its genetic information into the living cell and tricks it into replicating the virus.

32
Q

Do antibiotics work on viruses?

A

No

33
Q

What do viruses do or do not have?

A
  1. They do not have growth or development
  2. Do not obtain or use energy
  3. Do not respond to the environment
  4. They change over time
34
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled cell growth and division

35
Q

What are benign tumors?

A

A tumor that is not cancerous and does not spread (stays; growths slowly) to surrounding healthy tissues or other parts of the body

36
Q

What are malignant tumors?

A

A cancerous tumor that spreads quickly throughout the body, invading and destroying healthy tissue.

37
Q

What causes cancer?

A

Defects in the genes that regulate cell growth and division

38
Q

What is Cell Differentiation?

A

The process by which cells become specialized to do certain tasks/functions

39
Q

How do cells differentiate?

A

specific genes in the DNA sequence are activated

40
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Unspecialized or undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become any type of cell

41
Q

What are adult cells?

A

Stem cells that are produced in the bone marrow and multiply to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues

42
Q

What are embryonic cells?

A

Stem cells that can become any type of cell in the body and appears during the early stages of development

43
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A
  1. Replies to stimuli
  2. Metabolizes
  3. Reproduces
  4. Grows and develops
  5. Adaptation
  6. Maintains homeostasis
  7. Made up of one or more cells

Biology H (2 decks)

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