COCO

Question 1

Best cardiac special test to evaluate cardiac structures and rule out blood clots in Left atrium

Answer 1

Coronary Angiography

Question 2

Coronary vessel supplies the anterior wall of the heart

Answer 2

Left Anterior Descending Artery

Question 3

Risk factors for developing PE

Answer 3

Not HTN? PE as in Pulmonary embolism or Pulmonary Edema? If Pulmonary Edema then Mitral Stenosis

Question 4

Risk factors for developing PE

Answer 4

Not HTN? PE as in Pulmonary embolism or Pulmonary Edema? If Pulmonary Edema then Mitral Stenosis

Question 5

Cardiac complication of endocarditis

Answer 5

Aortic Regurg

Question 6

Cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic

Answer 6

Laying down relieves angina, definitive endomyocardial biopsy, avoid sympathetic stimulation, dehydration and vasodilation

Question 7

Cardiomyopathy: Dilated

Answer 7

Normal ventricular wall thickness, most common myopathy

Question 8

Cardiomyopathy: Peripartum

Answer 8

Rare dilated form occurs during pregnancy and up to 5 months postpartum. Diagnosed by ECHO; consider regional anesthesia.

Question 9

Cardiomyopathy: Secondary CM

Answer 9

With restrictive physiology due to systemic illness, caused by amyloidosis, atrial dilation but with normal sized ventricles; avoid bradycardia

Question 10

Cardiomyopathy: Cor Pulmonale

Answer 10

Right ventricular enlargement caused by COPD, diagnosed by ECG with peaked P waves in leads II, III and AVF; Treatment decreases PVR and PA pressure

Question 11

Dysrhythmia most commonly associated with vascular heart disease?

Answer 11

Don’t know but Valvular is A fib

Question 12

1 cause of right sided heart failure

Answer 12

Left sided heart failure

Question 13

Cardiac condition that elevated B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) levels are associated with

Answer 13

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 14

Best test to diagnose CHF

Answer 14

Echo is most useful test

Question 15

Claudication

Answer 15

Sign of peripheral arterial disease

A condition in which cramping pain in the leg is induced by exercise, typically caused by obstruction of the arteries.

Question 16

Assessing pitting edema

Answer 16

When after pressure is applied the indentation persists for some time after pressure is released, sign of peripheral edema

Question 17

Components of the Allen’s Test

Answer 17

Positive = Normal, hand above heart, normal color w/in 5-7 seconds of ulnar pressure release

Question 18

Pathology of pulmonary HTN

Answer 18

Cor Pulmonale is caused by diseases that cause pulmonary HTN

Question 19

Pathology of pulmonary HTN

Answer 19

Cor Pulmonale is caused by the same diseases that cause pulmonary HTN

Question 20

Diagnosis of AIDS: ELISA and confirmation by western blot; upper extremity nodes? Kaposi’s sarcoma

Answer 20

The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and confirmation by western blot; upper extremity nodes? Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Question 21

Diagnosis of AIDS

Answer 21

The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and confirmation by western blot; upper extremity nodes? Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Question 22

Mitral Stenosis

Answer 22

Opening snap, Mitral

Question 23

Regurg

Answer 23

Holosystolic apical murmur, Mitral Valve

Question 24

Prolapse

Answer 24

Click murmur syndrome (mid systolic click and late systolic murmur

Question 25

Aortic Stenosis

Answer 25

Systolic ejection murmur that radiates to the neck

Question 26

Aortic Regurg

Answer 26

Blowing murmur along right sternal border

Question 27

EKG indications of interior infarcts

Answer 27

Changes seen in leads II, III, and AVF - reciprocal changes seen in anterior or lateral leads

Question 28

Lateral Wall Infarcts

Answer 28

Caused by occlusion of left circumflex artery, changes seen in lead I, AVL, V5, and V6

Question 29

Anterior Infarcts

Answer 29

Occlusion of left anterior descending artery, changes in V2-V4 and poor P wave progression

Question 30

Signs and Symptoms of Left Ventricular Heart Failure

Answer 30

Pulmonary venous congestion, dyspnea, orthopnea or PND and S3, signs-moist rlales in the lung—-> pulmonary edema

Question 31

Signs and Symptoms of Left Ventricular Heart Failure

Answer 31

Pulmonary venous congestion, dyspnea, orthopnea or Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) and S3

Signs: moist rales in the lung, pulmonary edema

Question 32

Signs and Symptoms of Left Ventricular Heart Failure

Answer 32

Pulmonary venous congestion, dyspnea, orthopnea or Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) and S3

Signs: moist rales in the lung, pulmonary edema

Question 33

Diastolic Heart Murmurs

Answer 33

Mitral valve open so murmurs heard are Mitral stenosis or AP insufficiency; MS, TS, AR and PR

Question 34

Presentation of Cardiac Tamponade

Answer 34

Signs include dyspnea, low bp, and distant heart sounds; CXR “water bottle sign”

Question 35

Risk factors for ischemic heart disease

Answer 35

Male gender and increasing age

Question 36

ECG findings in atrial enlargement

Answer 36

large p waves and increased time in p wave

Question 37

sequelae of long term untreated hypertension

Answer 37

congestive heart failure

Question 38

Lateral wall MI - 12 Lead ECG

Answer 38

Leads I, AVL, V5, and V6

Question 39

Artery that is blocked when ECG changes are seen in leads 1, aVL, V5, V6

Answer 39

Left circumflex artery

Question 40

Diagnostic of an MI

Answer 40

Q wave

Question 41

Stages of pressure ulcers

Answer 41

Stage 1: Skin is not broken but is red or discolored
Stage 2: Epidermis is broken, with shallow open sore
Stage 3: Skin break extends into subQ and fat tissue
Stage 4: Breakdown extends into muscle and possibly bone. Lots of dead tissue and drainage present