COCO Flashcards
Best cardiac special test to evaluate cardiac structures and rule out blood clots in Left atrium
Coronary Angiography
Coronary vessel supplies the anterior wall of the heart
Left Anterior Descending Artery
Risk factors for developing PE
Not HTN? PE as in Pulmonary embolism or Pulmonary Edema? If Pulmonary Edema then Mitral Stenosis
Risk factors for developing PE
Not HTN? PE as in Pulmonary embolism or Pulmonary Edema? If Pulmonary Edema then Mitral Stenosis
Cardiac complication of endocarditis
Aortic Regurg
Cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic
Laying down relieves angina, definitive endomyocardial biopsy, avoid sympathetic stimulation, dehydration and vasodilation
Cardiomyopathy: Dilated
Normal ventricular wall thickness, most common myopathy
Cardiomyopathy: Peripartum
Rare dilated form occurs during pregnancy and up to 5 months postpartum. Diagnosed by ECHO; consider regional anesthesia.
Cardiomyopathy: Secondary CM
With restrictive physiology due to systemic illness, caused by amyloidosis, atrial dilation but with normal sized ventricles; avoid bradycardia
Cardiomyopathy: Cor Pulmonale
Right ventricular enlargement caused by COPD, diagnosed by ECG with peaked P waves in leads II, III and AVF; Treatment decreases PVR and PA pressure
Dysrhythmia most commonly associated with vascular heart disease?
Don’t know but Valvular is A fib
1 cause of right sided heart failure
Left sided heart failure
Cardiac condition that elevated B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) levels are associated with
Congestive Heart Failure
Best test to diagnose CHF
Echo is most useful test
Claudication
Sign of peripheral arterial disease
A condition in which cramping pain in the leg is induced by exercise, typically caused by obstruction of the arteries.
Assessing pitting edema
When after pressure is applied the indentation persists for some time after pressure is released, sign of peripheral edema
Components of the Allen’s Test
Positive = Normal, hand above heart, normal color w/in 5-7 seconds of ulnar pressure release
Pathology of pulmonary HTN
Cor Pulmonale is caused by diseases that cause pulmonary HTN
Pathology of pulmonary HTN
Cor Pulmonale is caused by the same diseases that cause pulmonary HTN
Diagnosis of AIDS: ELISA and confirmation by western blot; upper extremity nodes? Kaposi’s sarcoma
The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and confirmation by western blot; upper extremity nodes? Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Diagnosis of AIDS
The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and confirmation by western blot; upper extremity nodes? Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Mitral Stenosis
Opening snap, Mitral
Regurg
Holosystolic apical murmur, Mitral Valve
Prolapse
Click murmur syndrome (mid systolic click and late systolic murmur
Aortic Stenosis
Systolic ejection murmur that radiates to the neck
Aortic Regurg
Blowing murmur along right sternal border
EKG indications of interior infarcts
Changes seen in leads II, III, and AVF - reciprocal changes seen in anterior or lateral leads
Lateral Wall Infarcts
Caused by occlusion of left circumflex artery, changes seen in lead I, AVL, V5, and V6
Anterior Infarcts
Occlusion of left anterior descending artery, changes in V2-V4 and poor P wave progression
Signs and Symptoms of Left Ventricular Heart Failure
Pulmonary venous congestion, dyspnea, orthopnea or PND and S3, signs-moist rlales in the lung—-> pulmonary edema
Signs and Symptoms of Left Ventricular Heart Failure
Pulmonary venous congestion, dyspnea, orthopnea or Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) and S3
Signs: moist rales in the lung, pulmonary edema
Signs and Symptoms of Left Ventricular Heart Failure
Pulmonary venous congestion, dyspnea, orthopnea or Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) and S3
Signs: moist rales in the lung, pulmonary edema
Diastolic Heart Murmurs
Mitral valve open so murmurs heard are Mitral stenosis or AP insufficiency; MS, TS, AR and PR
Presentation of Cardiac Tamponade
Signs include dyspnea, low bp, and distant heart sounds; CXR “water bottle sign”
Risk factors for ischemic heart disease
Male gender and increasing age
ECG findings in atrial enlargement
large p waves and increased time in p wave
sequelae of long term untreated hypertension
congestive heart failure
Lateral wall MI - 12 Lead ECG
Leads I, AVL, V5, and V6
Artery that is blocked when ECG changes are seen in leads 1, aVL, V5, V6
Left circumflex artery
Diagnostic of an MI
Q wave
Stages of pressure ulcers
Stage 1: Skin is not broken but is red or discolored
Stage 2: Epidermis is broken, with shallow open sore
Stage 3: Skin break extends into subQ and fat tissue
Stage 4: Breakdown extends into muscle and possibly bone. Lots of dead tissue and drainage present
