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Anatomy & Physiology of Hearing Mechanism > Cochlear Microanatomy > Flashcards

Cochlear Microanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

tight junctions

A

has insulating properties; tight to ion flows; finger like ribbons, more rows = tighter junction; determine barrier of endo and peri lymph

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2
Q

basement membrane

A

It is NOT an ion boundary but it is found where any two layers come together during development of embryology.

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3
Q

Reissner’s membrane

A

Aka vestibular membrane; separates scala media from scala vestibuli in the cochlea. together with the basilar membrane it creates the scala media which is filled with endolymph

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4
Q

mesothelial layer

A

layer of Reissner’s membrane;

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5
Q

basilar membrane

A

within the cochlea of the inner ear; stiff structural element that separates two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of the (scala media and scala tympani); extends from the margin of the bony shelf of the cochlea to its outer wall, and on which the organ of corti rests; 3 layers fibrous layer, homogenous layer, and tympanic cover layer

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6
Q

arcuate zone

A

the inner third layer of the basilar membrane of the cochlear duct, from the tympanic lip of the osseous spiral lamina to the outer pillar cell of the spiral organ (aka zona tecta)

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7
Q

pectinate zone

A

pecinate is thicker/larger than arcuate; located lateral close to the spiral ligament; what tapers most in mechanical properties.

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8
Q

fibrous layer

A

base membrane

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9
Q

homogenous layer

A

CT + fibrous bands, 1 part pars tecta, and 2 parts pectinata

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10
Q

tympanic cover layer

A

mesothelial cells aka cympanic border cells

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11
Q

Pillar cells

A

Give the organ of Cort it’s rigidity. There are outer and inner pillar cells; outer are further from modiolus & inner are closer to modiolus. In direct contact with many of the sensory cells. They run along the length of the organ of Corti, and the upper ends of the rods (cells) end in the reticular lamina, feet are attached to the basilar membrane

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12
Q

Tonofilaments

A

found in both pillar & Dieter’s cells. There are two kinds: 1. Tubular filament with a diameter of about 275 angstrom and a wall thickness of about 60 angstrom. 2. Aka microfilaments have a diameter of approximately 60 angstrom. Both kinds of fibers seem to reach from the basilar membrane to the reticular framework at the top of the organ of Corti. From lecture: Run from head to base, fan out into the head (in pillar cells), provide support, and are made up microtubules.

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13
Q

pillar head

A

the inner and outer pillar heads that lock together; filled with actin

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14
Q

pillar stalk

A

connect pillar head and feet, tonofilaments run through stalk to provide support; between the two stalks the tunnel of corti is located which is filled with perilymph

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15
Q

pillar feet

A

attached to basilar membrane, filled with actin

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16
Q

Deiters’ cells

A

Have a lower portion reaching from the basilar membrane to the base of the outer hair cell and a slender phalangeal process which runs obliquely to another hair cell and ends in a phalanx. Located at the lower end of the outer hair cells (OHC), which form cupshape sockets for the bases of the hair cells. Contain a thin strand of tubular and micro filaments (tonofilaments).

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17
Q

phalangeal process

A

Hair cells are tightly gripped at their apical ends by processes of one of the filamentous supporting cells, the phalangeal cells. These phalangeal cells together form the phalangeal process that forms the reticular lamina.
reticular lamina: a thin extracellular layer that lies below the basal lamina, is composed chiefly of collagenous fibers, and serves to anchor the basal lamina to underlying connective tissue. Forms the true chemical division between the ions in the fluids of the scala media & those of the scala tympani

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18
Q

inner sulcus cells

A

?

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19
Q

Hensens cells

A

tall supporting cells constituting the outer border of the organ of Corti

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20
Q

claudius cells

A

cuboidal cells, which along with Böttcher’s cells form the floor of the external spiral sulcus, external to the organ of Corti

21
Q

marginal cells

A

involved primarily in K+ transport and face the endolymph of the scala media; contain mitochondria; energy in form of ATP, positive intracellular potential

22
Q

intermediate (light) cells

A

contain pigment and are scattered among capillaries

23
Q

basement cells

A

separate stria vascularis from the underlying spiral ligament

24
Q

tectorial membrane

A

analog of otolithic membrane; one of two acellular gels in the cochlea of the inner ear; extends along the longitudinal length of the cochlea parallel to the basilar membrane; has limbus zone which is the point of attachment to the spiral limbus; contains collagen; middle zone which has the covering net; and marginal band = loose attachment w/ organ of corti; kimural membrane attaches to OHC, & Hensen’s stripe does not directly contact IHC, over stereocilia of IHC

25
Q

receptor pole of HC

A

located on the top zone; where mechanical to transduction process occurs

26
Q

basal body

A

A centriole-like structure, actin network ends

27
Q

subcuticular zone

A

beneath receptor pole; contains lysosomes and mitochondria; hensen bodies; contains calcium

28
Q

supranuclear zone

A

above the nucleus; laminated cisternae (active contractions) (inside OHC); prestin in cell membrane (lengthen and shorten HC)

29
Q

synaptic zone

A

OHC: contains afferent & efferent nerve terminals on the soma. Efferent synapses: regulate gain of cochlear amplifier which modulate sensitivity of ear to sounds at certain conditions. Efferent synapses also have a subsynaptic sister which stores calcium and releases it as neurotransmitters are released

IHC:many small afferent terminal neurons are located here and are fundamental for hearing, especially for temporal

30
Q

Gogli (subcuticular zone)

A

under the subcuticular zone; gets name from abundance of golgi apparatus which aids in transport

31
Q

basilar artery

A

immediate blood flow to the inner ear

32
Q

limbus vessels

A

where tectorial membrane attaches; capallaries within limbus

33
Q

vertebral arteries

A

The vertebral artery simply becomes the basilar artery which supplies the Labyrinth

34
Q

arterio venous shunts

A

One of two sections of the radiating arterioles. The radiating arterioles branch off of the spiral modiolar artery in small loops in order to supply the organ of Corti, spiral limbus, and stria vascularis with blood. Then the radiating arterioles split into two components: one branch supplies the capillary bed and the other branch, the arterioveinous shunt, bypasses the capillary bed, then the two branches reunite. This system helps regulate blood flow.

35
Q

anteriorinferior cerebellar artery

A

First branch off the Basilar artery, leading into the labyrinth

36
Q

labyrinthine artery

A

Continuation from the basilar artery, and into the SMA spiral modiolar artery. housed within the internal acoustic meatus.

37
Q

spiral modiolar artery

A

located near the scala vestibuli & above spiral ganglion; supply blood to the cochlea (2 routes) radiating arterials

38
Q

radiating arterioles

A

2; branch out from the spiral modiolar artery

39
Q

limbus vessels

A

Net of capillaries that supply the Limbus with blood, which is supplied by the radiating arterioles

40
Q

vessel of the tympanic lip

A

Capillary arcade (net), supplied by the radiating arterioles, that supplies the tympanic lip with oxygen

41
Q

vessel of basilar membrane

A

A spiral blood vessel that lines the basal side of the spiral lamina, under the tunnel of corti,, supplied by the radiating arterioles

42
Q

vessel of the scala vestibuli

A

Originating from the primary radiating arterioles, this vessel is made up of a smaller set of radiating arterioles, and supply all the blood flow to the external wall vessels

43
Q

vessel at the vestibular membrane

A

the vessel of the scala vestibuli is a net of capillaries that run spirally forming a basal border of the capillary net

44
Q

stria vascularis

A

Upper portion of the spiral ligament that contains numerous capillary loops. Produces endolymph. Made up of three cell types: marginal, intermediate, and basal cells.

45
Q

vessel of the spiral prominence

A

supplied by the radiating arterioles, the spiral prominence is a spirally directed ridge of tissue between the stria vascularis and the basilar membrane. The vessel is made up of “omega shaped capillaries” that run through the spiral prominence

46
Q

venules at the basilar membrane

A

Vessels with a distinct spiral shape that are located just below the attachment of the basilar membrane to the spiral ligament

47
Q

spiral modiolar vein

A

Part of the vasculature in a human cochlea. It is the beginning of the venous drain from the spiral modiolar artery, and it drains into the cochleomodiolar vein, which joins up with the venous system of the vestibular apparatus at the vein of the cochlear aqueduct. there are collecting venules from the organ of Corti, spiral limbus, and stria vascularis that collect the blood and route it into the spiral modiolar vein

48
Q

Hensen bodies

A

control Ca+2 metabolism which ultimately controls transduction (homeostatic mechanism)

49
Q

presynaptic body

A

Found at the presynaptic juncture between the hair cell and auditory nerve. Its function is to aid in the quick release of neurotransmitters

Anatomy & Physiology of Hearing Mechanism (1 decks)

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