Cobol Flashcards
COBOL Stands for
Common Business-Oriented Language
What level of programming language is Cobol
high-level programming language
It is used to develop business-oriented applications
COBOL
Features of COBOL
- Standard Language
- English Like Language
- Scalable and reliable
- Platform Independent
- Robust Language
- Structured Programming Capacity
- Excellent File and DB handling
- Object Oriented Programming
She was a computer pioneer and naval officer.
Grace Brewster Murray Hopper
Grace Brewster Murray Hopper is best known for ____________
trailblazing contributions to computer programming, and software development.
CODASYL stands for
Conference of Data Systems Languages
It aimed to develop a common business language that could be used across industries and sectors.
Conference of Data Systems Languages (CODASYL)
In what year does Hopper took part in the Conference of Data Systems Languages (CODASYL)?
1959
MILESTONES IN ORDER
- 1958
- 1959
- 1960
- 1961
- 1965-1985
- 1986-2018
- 2022
MILESTONE: High-level business data processing language.
1958
MILESTONE: The final draft of the first specification was completed
1959
MILESTONE: Release with some minor modifications in April 1960
1960
MILESTONE: COBOL - 61 was published with some more revisions
1961
MILESTONES: ANSI approves COBOL as the standard language for
1965-1985
MILESTONE: Objective-oriented programming, web support, etc.
1986-2018
MILESTONE: IBM Enterprise COBOL for z/IOS 6.4 that supports the latest z16
2022
IDE FOR COBOL
COBOL
VS Code
JDoodle
COBOL is the ___________ of business computing
BACKBONE
BASIC SYNTAX
- Character Set
- Character Strings
- Literal
- COBOL Word
- User-Defined
- Reserved Words
- Special Characters
are lowest in the hierarchy and they cannot be divided further
character set
A-Z Alphabets
Upper Case
a-z alphabets
lower case
20 characters
- A-Z Alphabets (Upper Case)
- a-z Alphabets (Lower Case)
- 0-9
- Space
- Plus Sign
- Minus Sign
- Asterisk
- / Forward Slash
- $ Currency Sign
- , Comma
- ; Semicolon
- . Decimal Point
- ” Quotation Marks
- ( Left Parenthesis
- ) Right Parenthesis
- > Greater than
- < Less than
- : Colon
- ’ Apostrophe
- = Equal
are formed by combining individual characters.
character strings
is a character-string that can contain any combination of characters from the character set of the computer. It has no effect on the execution of the program.
comment
How to comment
- or /
is a constant that is directly hard-coded in a program.
literal
two Types of literals
- Non-Numeric Literal
- Numeric Literal
are enclosed in quotes or apostrophes. Length can be up to 160 characters.
Non-Numeric Literals
is a combination of digits from 0 to 9, +, -, or decimal point. Length can be up to 18 characters.
Numeric Literal
is a character string that can be a reserved word or a user-defined word. Length can be up to 30 characters.
COBOL Word
are used for naming files, data, records, paragraph names, and sections.
User-defined
are predefined words in COBOL.
Reserved words
Example of Keywords in COBOL
ADD, ACCEPT, MOVE
2 Operators
Arithmetic Operators and Relational Operators
ZERO, SPACES, HIGH-VALUE, LOW-VALUE
Figurative Constants
4 Data Types
- Level Number
- Data Name
- Picture Clause
- Value Clause
Level Number and Description: 01
Record description entry
Level Number and Description: 02 to 49
Group and Elementary items
Level Number and Description: 66
Rename Clause items
Level Number and Description: 77
Items which cannot be subdivided
Level Number and Description: 88
Condition name entry
Enumerate Level Numbers:
01
02 to 49
66
77
88
Enumerate Picture Clause Symbols:
9
A
X
V
S
P
PICTURE CLAUSE: 9
Numeric
PICTURE CLAUSE: A
Aphabetic
PICTURE CLAUSE: X
Alphanumeric
PICTURE CLAUSE: V
Implicit Decimal
PICTURE CLAUSE: S
Sign
PICTURE CLAUSE: P
Assumed Decimal
Cobol Program Structure 4 Divisions:
Identification Division
Environment Division
Data Division
Procedure Division
Program Name
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION
- Describes the hardware the program is running on
- Briefly describes the data files
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION
- Defines all data
- Files and working storage
DATA DIVISION
Logic of the program
PROCEDURE DIVISION
