Cobine Male Pelvis Anatomy Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
The pelvis is divided into 2 regions,the superior and the inferior. Which is considered the false pelvis and which is considered the true?
A
superior/greater= false pelvis
inferior/lesser=true pelvis
2
Q
The inlet to the pelvis continous with the (Blank)
A
abdominal cavity and encircled by bone
3
Q
the outlet to the pelvis is formed by the boundaries of the (blank)
A
perineum
4
Q
What does does the pelvis contain?
A
the bladder, rectum, anal canal, and most of reproductive tract
5
Q
What supports the structures of the pelvis?
A
the pelvic floor
6
Q
What is the anchoring site for external genitalia (erectile and muscle structures)?
A
pelvis
7
Q
What connects axial and appendicular skeletons, aids in locomotion and is an attachment site for muscles?
A
pelvis
8
Q
What is the most superior part of the bony pelvis?
A
the illium
9
Q
What is the posterior and inferior part of the bony pelvis?
A
ischium
10
Q
What is the anterior and inferior part of the bony pelvis?
A
the pubis
11
Q
What is the origin of inguinal ligament and sartorius muscle?
A
anterior superior illiac spine
12
Q
Where is the attachment of lower limb muscles and support during sitting?
A
ischial tuberosity
13
Q
Where is the attachment of the inguinal ligament (not origin, but attachment)
A
pubic tubercle
14
Q
What fits into the acetabulum?
A
the sacral spinal ligament and the femur
15
Q
How is the pelvis tilted?
A
forward, so pubis is further down.
16
Q
What bones give rise to the obturator foramen?
A
the ischium and pubic bone
17
Q
What gives rise to the obturator membrane?
A
obterator internus
18
Q
Everything inferior to pelvic brim (linea terminalis) is called the (blank)
A
pelvic part
19
Q
What is the sacrum made up of?
A
5 fused vertebra
20
Q
The posterior aspect of the sacrum has a (blank) where the spinal cord passes down. Inferior to the sacrum is the (blank)
A
canal
coccyx
21
Q
What is the sacral promonotory?
A
the thick ridge on the superior aspect of the S1 vertebrae
22
Q
At the (blank) vertebrae you have articular processes to articulate with the pelvic bone?
A
L5
23
Q
What makes the pelvic rim?
A
the linea terminalis
24
Q
What is the line terminalis made up of?
A
pecinal line (pecten pubis)
arcuate line
Sacral promontory
25
Who has a bigger pubic angle, males or females?
females duhhhh have to give birth
26
Who has inverted ischial tuberosities, males or females?
males
27
Who has a deep/ taller pubic symphsis?
males
28
What is a males pelvic inlet like?
oriented anteroposterioly
29
Are the iliac wings more or less flared in males?
less flared
30
is the pelvic inlet bigger or smaller in males and what is the overall shape of it?
it is smaller and heart shaped
31
How re the ischial tuberosities oriented in a female and what is the pubic symphysis like?
everted
| thicker and shorter
32
What is the overall shape of the femal inlet?
oval
33
What is the widest part of the pelvis?
True obstetrical conjugate
34
What is the sagittal inlet?
it is the true obestrical conjugate
| The point from pubic symphysis to sacral promontory
35
What is the bispinous outlet?
space between ischial spines (9cm)
36
What is the sagittal outlet?
between tip of coccyx and inferior margin of pubic symphysis (10 cm)
37
What is this:
measured during pelvic examination as distance between the sacral promontory and the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis (approximation of sagittal inlet/obstetric conjugate measurement).
diagonal conjugate
38
Why cant you measure the true obstetric conjugate?
because it is on the superior border which we cannot reach
39
When pregnant what happens to the female pelvis?
```
thickened ligaments at superior and inferior margins of the symphysis
Interpubic disc increases lesser pelvis
increased flexibility of pubic symphysis
increased sex hormone and relaxin
coccyx moves posterior
```
40
The interpubic disc is wider in females due to (blank) located at the superior and inferior aspects of the pubic symphysis. During pregnancy this can increase (blank) making the pelvis get wider.
thickened ligaments
| transversely
41
Which women have a pelvis shape with a narrow front (looks more like a male pelvis) and makes birth more difficult.
African americans with Android
42
What is the most ideal pelvis shape for birth?
gynecoid (ideal-almost round)
43
What do you only find in male pelvis?
seminal vesicles, ductus deferens
44
What does the peritoneum cover?
covers pubic bone
covers superior surface of bladder
continues 2cm inferiorly on posterior bladder
Covers seminal vesicles
lines rectovesical fossa posteriorly
covers anterior and lateral side of superior rectum and lateral sides of the middle rectum
45
What happens to the peritoneum when it goes as far back posteriorly as possible?
becomes sigmoid mesocolon at S3
46
What are on each side of the bladder?
paravesical fossa
47
What are on each side of the rectum?
pararectal fossa
48
Where do the paravesical foss and the pararectal fossa come from?
the peritoneum
49
What is the clinical significance of peritoneal recesses in the male pelvis?
peritonitis (inflammation of peritoneum, may result from infection or from non-infectious process, untreated,sepsis)
Rectovesical pouch can have have fluid accumulate here and cause infection
50
Does the rectum have teniae?
fatty appendages?
sacral flexure?
transverse folds?
no
no
yes
3 (superior and inferior and the left, middle on the right)
51
Where is the ampulla of the rectum?
| What does it do?
just superior to levator ani
| receives and holds fecal material
52
What is the blood supply to the rectum?
superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries
53
What makes the transverse folds?
thickening of circular muscle
54
When the bladder is filled with urine, where does it go? When empty?
goes up greater pelvis
| stays in lesser pelvis
55
What does the retropubic space allow for?
distensibility
56
Where is the urethral sphincter present and what does it prevent?
at neck
| retrograde transport of semen
57
The fundus is separated from the rectum by the (blank) and (Blank) of the ductus deferentes laterally.
seminal glands
| ampullae
58
The bladder neck is anchored by a pair of (blank) connecting it and the pelvic urethra to the pubic bone. What are the fibromuscular bands called in the female? in the male? What do these act in concert with?
What does this allow for?
fibromuscular bands
female- pubovesical ligaments
male- puboprostatic ligament
perineal membrane and associated muscles, levator ani muscles and pubic bones to support bladder.
Support for bladder
59
What is the arterial supply to the male bladder?
Superior vesical arteries - anterosuperior bladder
inferior vesical arteries - fundus (body) and neck
Obturator arteries and inferior gluteal arteries also contribute some blood supply
60
Pelvic veins follow the course of all branches of the internal iliac artery Except the (blank) arteries.
umbilical and iliolumbar arteries
61
Pelvic veins drain into the (blank) which in turn drain into the (blank) veins
internal iliac veins
| common iliac veins
62
Where will we find venous plexuses?
surface of viscera
63
Where do we find the vesical venous plexus?
surrounding the bladder and continous with prostatic venous plexus
64
The vesical venous plexus and the prostatic venous plexus envelopes.......?
fundus of bladder, prostate, seminal glands, ductus deferens, inferior ureter
65
Where does the vesical venous plexus and the prostatic venous plexus get its blood supply?
from deep dorsal vein of the penis (which drains into erectile tissue)
66
Vesical venous plexus mostly drains bladder through the (blank) into the (blank) veins
inferior vesical veins
| internal iliac veins
67
The ureter descends from the kidneys to the bladder by coursing (blank) along the posterior abdominal wall lateral to the aorta and IVC.
retroperitoneally
68
The ureter enters the pelvic cavity by crossing the pelvic brim superior to the (blank)
illiac vessels
69
The ureter enters the pelvic cavity by crossing the pelvic brim superior to the iliac vessles, passing over the bifurcation of the common iliac artery into internal and external iliacs and curve (blank) to reach the (blank) aspect of the bladder and entering at an oblique angle.
anteromedially
| posterolateral
70
Does the ductus deferns cross over the ureter or below it?
over it (water under the bridge)
71
What are the male internal genital organs?
```
testes
epididymides
ductus deferentes
seminal glands
ejaculatory ducts (combo of vas deferens and seminal vesicles)
prostate
bulbourethral glands
```
72
What is 5 cm long and lies superior to the prostate b/w the fundus of the bladder and the rectum.
seminal gland
73
What does the seminal gland secrete?
thick alkaline fluid containing fructose and coagulating agent
74
Superior ends of seminal gland are covered with (blank) and lie posterior to the ureters, peritoneum of the rectovesical pouch separates the from the rectum.
peritoneum
75
The inferior ends of the glands are closely related to the rectum and are only separated from it by the (blank)
rectovesical septum
76
The duct of the seminal gland joins the (blank) to form the ejaculatory duct.
ductus deferens
77
What is the blood supply and drainage of the seminal glands?
inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries and veins
78
What are the four lobes of the prostate gland?
anterior, posterior,lateral (right and left), and median
79
The isthmus, also called the (blank) lobe, lies anterior to the urethra (continuation of urethral sphincter, little glandular tissue)
anterior
80
The (blank) lobe, lies posterior to the urethra and inferior to the ejaculatory duct (palpable with rectal exam)
inferoposterior or posterior lobe
81
The (blank) lobes, (not seen in this image) are found on either side of the urethra (major part of gland)
lateral, right and left
82
The (blank) lobe, lies between the urethra and the ejaculatory ducts (closely related to the bladder neck). Enlargement of this lobe is partially responsible for the formation of the uvula that can project into the internal urethral orifice
middle or median
83
What is the arterial blood supply of the prostate gland?
inferior vesical, middle rectal, and internal pudendal arteries
84
What is the venous blood supply of the prostate gland?
prostatic venous plexus drains into internal iliac veins and is continuous with vesical venous plexus (superiorly) and the internal verterbral venous plexus (posteriorly)
85
From the bladder to the bulb of the penis name the parts of the urethra?
1) preprostatic part of urethra
2) prostatic part of urethra
3) membranous part of urethra
4) spongy part of urethra
86
Secretions from the ductus deferens and seminal vesicles are mixed by convergence of their ducts into the (blank)
ejaculatory duct
87
The ajaculatory ducts converge and open on the (bank) by slit-like openings within the opening of the (blank)
seminal colliculus
| prostatic utricle
88
(blank) empty into the prostatic urethra after the termination of the ejaculatory ducts
prostatic ducts
89
Secretions from the (blank) enter the spongy urethra through their ducts which are located distal to the external urethral sphincter.
bulbourethral glands
90
Is the ejaculatory ducts openings superior or inferior to the prostatic utricle ( weird indentation of prostate on urethra)?
inferior
91
Sperm is made in the testis and passes into the (blank) and (blank) where it can be stored.
epididymis
| ductus deferens
92
During spermatic emission, sperm travel up the ductus deferens to its (blank)
ampulla
93
Sperm join with secretions from the (blank) in the ejaculatory gland.
seminal gland
94
Secretions are added from the (blank) and (blank) gland.
prostate gland
| bulbourethral gland
95
Describe the passage of sperm
```
sperm made in testis
passes to epididymis
passes to ductus deferens
ampulla
seminal gland secretions add
prostate gland secretions add
bulborethral gland secretions add
sperm is ejaculated through urethra
```
96
Where does sperm leave?
from the external urethral orifice
97
what accounts for 60% of total semen volume and is alkaline. Has fructose, ascorbic acid, prostaglandins, fibrinogen.
Seminal vesicles
98
What is fructose for in the semen?
ascorbic acid?
prostaglandins?
fibrinogen?
nutrition
protection
motility and protection
clotting, keeps semen inside female reproductive tract
99
what accounts for 20% of total semen volume and is slightly acidic. Has zinc, citric acid, acid phosphatase, Prostate specific antigen (PSA), pro(fibrinolysin)
prostate gland secretion
100
```
What does zinc do in semen?
citric acid?
acid phosphatase?
prostate specific antigen (PSA)?
Pro(fibrinolysin)?
```
- stability of chromatin
- protection
- liquefaction process of semen
- liquefies semen, dissolves cervical mucus, elevated in prostate cancer
- liquiefies coagulated semen
101
What part of the semen accounts for less than1% of total semen volume and secretes galactose, mucus, and pre-ejaculate?
bulbourethral gland
102
What does mucus do in the semen?
allows for easy passage of sperm in female reproductive tract
103
(blank) is common after middle age affecting almost every male.
The enlarged prostate projects into the bladder and impedes urine flow by obstructing the prostatic urethra.
benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BHP)
104
The (blank) is the most common enlarged lobe in benign hypertrophy of the prostate and obstructs the internal urethral orifice, the more straining the more the orifice is occluded.
Common symptoms include: nocturia, dysuria, and urgency.
Frequent cystitis and risk of kidney damage are also present.
median lobe
105
What does prostatic hypertrophy make you want to do?
pee a lot but you cant
106
Where do we usually find prostatic carcinomas?
posterior side of prostatic lobe
107
(blank) of veins drain into the internal iliac and
| anastomose with the vertebral venous plexus.
Prostatic plexus
108
(blank) metastasize both through lymphatic routes (internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes to more distant lymph nodes) and via venous routes (internal vertebral venous plexus to the vertebrae and brain)
Prostate cancers
