Coasts- Lesson 1 Coastal Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A closed system has transfers of energy both into and beyond the system boundary but no transfer of matter

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2
Q

What is an open system?

A

An open system is where matter and energy can be transferred from the system across the boundary into the surrounding environment. Examples are most types of ecosystems

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3
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

Positive feedback is when the effects of an action are amplified or multiplied by subsequent knock on or secondary effects

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4
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

Negative feedback is where the effects of an action are nullified by its subsequent knock-on effects

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5
Q

What is an example of negative feedback?

A
  • a beach is a equilibrium
  • sediment is eroded from beach in a storm
  • sediment is deposited offshore forming a offshore bar
  • waves now forced to break before reaching the beach dissipating energy and reducing further erosion
  • when storm calms, conditions rework sediments from the offshore bar back to the beach
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6
Q

What does the coast system consist of?

A

Inputs and outputs of energy

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7
Q

What are coastal inputs?

A
  • wave energy
  • tides
  • currents
  • winds
  • storm surges
  • tidal waves
  • changes in sea level
  • sediment
  • human activities
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8
Q

What are outputs to the costal system?

A

-loss of wave energy
-depositional landforms:
Beaches
Mudflats
Sand dunes
Coral reefs
-erosions landforms:
Cliffs
Shore platforms

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9
Q

What are spatial variations in energy a result of?

A

Variations in wind strength and the number and intensity of storms

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10
Q

Where are storms most frequent?

A
  • In mid-latitudes where low-pressure systems (depressions) are frequent
  • in the tropics where tropical low-pressure systems (hurricanes) occur
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11
Q

Temporal variations involve?

A

Seasonal or daily differences

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12
Q

In mid-latitudes, what is more common in each season?

A
  • winter, depressions are more frequent

- summer, hurricanes are more frequent

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13
Q

Open coastlines in high latitudes with high energy are dominated by?

A

Erosion

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14
Q

Why are high latitude, high energy coastlines dominated by erosion?

A

Because they have high wave and wind activity

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15
Q

Low energy coastlines are therefore?

A

Sheltered and dominated by deposition due to low wave and wind but greater tide activity

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