Coasts - KQ4 (management strategies)

Question 1

What are the names of the case studies?

Answer 1

North Norfolk coastline

• East of England
• North of Suffolk
• North-east of Cambridgeshire

Dubai

• Middle East
• Southeast coast of the Persian Gulf
• One of the seven emirates that make up the country

Question 2

What are the socio-economic needs in Dubai?

Answer 2

• More affordable housing for the locals
• A reliable and sustainable water source = must desalinise plants to turn seawater into freshwater or recycling waste water
• More access for workers = migrant workers are excluded from luxury shopping malls or from travelling in ‘gold class’ cars on the metro
• ## New energy resources = their resources will be diminished in 20 years

Question 3

What are the socio-economic needs in Norfolk?

Answer 3

• More affordable housing (second home owners are buying and raising prices)
• More sense of a community (dormitory villages)
• Protection from the coastal erosion/weathering processes
• Diversify economy and create more local job opportunities
• Provide more services (education/healthcare)
• Improve accessibility for vehicles (lack of motorways)

Question 4

What are the environmental needs in Norfolk?

Answer 4

• Preserve national nature reserves (eg Holkham, Scolt Head Island and Blakeney Point national nature reserves)
• Protect wildlife and marine biodiversity
• Preserve important geological sites (eg Hunstanton Cliffs)
• Conserve dramatic coastal scenery (sand dunes, wide sandy beaches, salt marshes and mudflats)
• Regenerate salt marshes (eg Cley Marshes = managed retreat)
• Build up fish stocks and aquatic life populations

Question 5

What are the management objectives in Norfolk (SMP)?

Answer 5

2009 Core Strategy

• Reduce threat of flooding/coastal erosion
• Benefit environment, society and economy as far as possible
• Set out ways of monitoring how effective policies are and identify possible consequences
• Potential loss of historic and archaeological features on a dynamic coastline
• Maintain a balance of providing navigation and access to channels behind barrier islands while recognising their value to local communities

Question 6

What are the environmental needs in Dubai?

Answer 6

• Reduction in waste = currently more waste per head than people in the USA and twice the amount as UK (infrastructure cannot deal with it)
• Sea level rise = Palm Island is shrinking at 5mm per year
• Marine environment = coral reefs, fish stocks, green sea turtles and sea bird populations have all suffered due to the building of Palm Tree Island
• Habitat degeneration, oil and noise from leisure craft have all disrupted marine environment
• No sustainable water supply = little groundwater or rainfall

Question 7

What are the management objectives in Dubai (ICZM)?

Answer 7

Integrated Coastal Zone Management 1997

• Monitoring = water quality and beach changes above and below the line to see how sediment is being moved = 3 monitoring cameras on Burj al Arab to see changes in shorelines and intertidal platforms
• Control of beach tourism = no fishing without permits and no litter dropping
• Increase biodiversity = artificial reefs made to create new sites where coral can colonise and create a reef = bio rock used to carrie electrical current to increase calcification around it
• More environmental impact assessments and controls