Coasts Key Vocabulary

Question 1

Mass movement

Answer 1

When material falls down a slope.

Question 2

Landslide

Answer 2

Sudden movement of layers of hard rock sliding down.

Question 3

Slides

Answer 3

Material slips in a straight line along a slide plane.

Question 4

Hydraulic action 🔴

Answer 4

Waves crash against rock and compresses the air in the cracks.

Question 5

Abrasion 🔴

Answer 5

Eroded particles in the water scrape and rub against rock, removing small pieces.

Question 6

Attrition🔴

Answer 6

Eroded particles in the water collide, and break into smaller pieces and become rounder.

Question 7

Swash

Answer 7

When a wave washes up onto the shoreline.

Question 8

Backwash

Answer 8

When the water from a wave retreats back into the sea.

Question 9

Headland

Answer 9

A coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water.

Question 10

Bay

Answer 10

A recessed, coastal body of water that directly connects to a larger main body of water, such as an ocean, lake, or another bay.

Question 11

Cave

Answer 11

A natural opening in the ground extending beyond the zone of light and large enough to permit the entry of man.

Question 12

Arch

Answer 12

A natural landform where an arch has formed with an opening underneath.

Question 13

Stack

Answer 13

A geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a cost, formed by wave erosion.

Question 14

Stump

Answer 14

The eroded remains of a sea stack, often looking like a lump of rock sticking up from its surroundings.

Question 15

Wave cut notch🔴

Answer 15

An area of erosion at the base of a cliff formed by the waves.

Question 16

Wave cut platform 🔴

Answer 16

Formed when the waves erode the cliff, but left a platform behind.

Question 17

Corrosion

Answer 17

A process of chemical erosion. (Acid rain)

Question 18

Constructive waves

Answer 18

Low energy and have stronger swashes than backwashes. (Deposits material)

Question 19

Destructive waves

Answer 19

High energy and have stronger backwashes than swashes. (Pulls material away)

Question 20

Fetch 🔴

Answer 20

How far the wave has travelled. (generated by wind)

Question 21

Groyne

Answer 21

Wooden barrier built at a right angle to the beach that prevents longshore drift.

Question 22

Rock armor

Answer 22

Large boulders used to reduce wave energy reaching the shoreline.

Question 23

Hard engineering

Answer 23

A coastal management technique that are use to protect the coasts by absorbing the energy of the waves preventing erosion or flooding. (Groyne, sea wall, etc)

Question 24

Soft engineering

Answer 24

A coastal management technique used to protect coasts by using the natural environment to absorb the energy of waves t prevent flooding and erosion. (dredging, beach nourishment, etc)