coasts

Question 1

Soft Rock

Answer 1

easily eroded
cliffs are less rugged and steep than hard rocks
include bays

Question 2

Hard rock

Answer 2

resistant to erosion
Cliffs are high, steep and rugged
wavecut platform headlands where caves arches and stacks are formed

Question 3

concordant coasts

Answer 3

same rock type parallel to the sea

Question 4

discordant coasts

Answer 4

alternate rock types in layers and perpendicular to the sea forming headlands and bays

Question 5

joints and faults

Answer 5

joints-small cracks in rocks
faults-larger cracks in rocks
both make rocks more susceptible to erosion
the more you have the more they are eroded ain’t the easier they are to erode

Question 6

Rates of erosion

Answer 6

geological structure- soft rocks and hard rocks occurring together
wave climate- how powerful waves are, wave direction, wave height
local current and tidal range
ground water levels-saturated cliffs are more vulnerable

Question 7

bays

Answer 7

soft rock-they form due to the rapid erosion of soft rock. Shane formed bays are sheltered by headlands and so are less eroded.
hard rock- Bays have formed due to rapid erosion of less resistant rocks

Question 8

Headlands

Answer 8

stick out where hard rocks has resisted erosion. once formed they are more vulnerable to erosion because wave energy is concentrated there

Question 9

stack

Answer 9

formed when an arch collapses

Question 10

stump

Answer 10

formed when a stack is eroded by wind and water

Question 11

cave

Answer 11

formed when the waves erode a weakness in the rock such as a joint or a fault

Question 12

arch

Answer 12

formed when two caves erode back from either side of a headland and meet in the middle

Question 13

wavecut platforms

Answer 13

erosion of cliffs, areas of lat rock at the base of a cliff

Question 14

hydraulic action

Answer 14

the sheer weight and impact of water against the coastline particularly during a storm will erode the coast, also waves compress air in cracks in the rocks forcing them apart and weakening the rock

Question 15

abrasion

Answer 15

breaking waves throw sand and pebbles against the coast during storms

Question 16

attrition

Answer 16

the rocks and pebbles carried by the waves rub together and break down into smaller pieces

Question 17

solution

Answer 17

chemical action by seawater on some rocks, especially limestone

Question 18

mechanical weathering-

Answer 18

freeze thaw- most common in cold climates , when it freezes water in cracks in the rock expand. over time the crack widens and pieces fall of rock fall off. It is most effective hen the temperature frequently rises above and falls below 0 degrees