Coasts

Question 1

Porus

Answer 1

Allows water through the rock

Question 2

Weathering

Answer 2

The physical, chemical or biological breakdown of solid rock by the action of the weather or plants.

Question 3

Physical weathering

Answer 3

1. Rain water gets into cracks > freezes and expands (freeze-thaw)
2. Contraction and expansion of rocks (onion skin)

Question 4

Chemical weathering

Answer 4

When a reaction occurs when the chemicals in air or rain touch rocks and wears them away.

Question 5

Biological weathering

Answer 5

When roots or plants push apart the rocks by weakening their structures and making the cracks deeper and wider.

Question 6

Erosion

Answer 6

The wearing away of land and transportation of material

E.g. Sea, ice, wind, rivers

Question 7

Headland

Answer 7

A piece of land which juts out into the sea

Question 8

Bay

Answer 8

A broad coastal inlet often with a beach

Question 9

Discordant coastline

Answer 9

When rocks are at right angles to the sea

Headlands and bays

Question 10

Concordant coastline

Answer 10

When rocks are parallel to the sea

Coves

Question 11

Hydraulic action

Answer 11

The power of the waves puts pressure on the cliff

Question 12

Abrasion

Answer 12

Rocks in the sea scrape along the cliff, like sandpaper, or smash into the cliff breaking rock off

Question 13

Solution

Answer 13

A chemical reaction and material gets smaller as a result

Question 14

Attrition

Answer 14

Rocks hit each other in the sea and get smaller

Question 15

Fetch

Answer 15

The distance over which the wind has blown over the sea

Bigger the fetch = bigger waves

Question 16

Wave energy

Answer 16

Depends on fetch, strength of the wind and the length of time the wind has blown for

Question 17

Prevailing wind

Answer 17

Where the majority of the wind comes from

Question 18

Permeable

Answer 18

Allows water to go into it

Question 19

Hard engineering

Answer 19

Building physical structures to deal with natural hazards

Question 20

Soft engineering

Answer 20

Involves adapting to natural hazards and working with nature to limit damage

Question 21

Shoreline management plan (SMP)

Answer 21

A plan about how a whole stretch of coast is managed rather than one little bit

Question 22

Deposition

Answer 22

The dropping of material

Question 23

Destructive waves 
(Tall breakers)

Answer 23

~stormy conditions
~strong backwash
~weak swash
~material taken away
~high frequency (10-14 waves/min)

Question 24

Constructive waves 
(Spilling waves)

Answer 24

~calm conditions
~weak backwash
~strong swash 
~material deposited 
~low frequency

Question 25

Coastal protection

Answer 25

Different techniques used to ensure minimal erosion on parts of the coast