Coasts

Question 1

What is swash?

Answer 1

The movement of water onto the land up the beach (deposition)

Question 2

What is backwash?

Answer 2

The movement of water back down the beach (erosion)

Question 3

What are the two types of waves?

Answer 3

Destructive (larger fetch) & Constructive (shorter fetch)

Question 4

What does fetch mean?

Answer 4

How far or short a wave travels

Question 5

Features of destructive waves:

Answer 5

Weak swash, strong backwash
Big waves with high energy, erode the coastline
14 waves per minute

Question 6

Features of constructive waves:

Answer 6

Strong swash, weak backwash
Smaller/gentle waves with low energy, deposit sediment
7 waves per minute

Question 7

What is prevailing wind?

Answer 7

The direction from which the wind usually blows

Question 8

What is long shore drift?

Answer 8

Waves approach the coast at an angle causing the zig-zag movement of beach materials along the coast.

Question 9

What is a spit and how is it formed?

Answer 9

Large area of sand formed by long shore drift and deposited where the coastline changes sharply

Question 10

What is a bar and how is it formed?

Answer 10

Long shore drift causes a spit to grow across a bay (traps a lagoon behind it)

Question 11

What is a tombolo and how is it formed?

Answer 11

Long shore drift causes a spit to grow across and reach another section of land, it joins an island to the mainland.

Question 12

What are the differences between mechanical/physical and chemical weathering?

Answer 12

Mechanical occurs as a result of erosional process such ash hydraulic action etc.. Chemical occurs involves rock decomposition as a result of chemical change (oxidisation, acid rain etc…)

Question 13

Case Study: Cliff Collapse: Name, Erosion Rate, Erosion reasons, Impacts

Answer 13

Holderness Coast (Yorkshire), 2 metres per year, strong destructive waves, sea level rise, 4km lost land, loss of tourism/habitats/property value

Question 14

Case Study: Coastal Flooding: Name, Background, S.E.E.P impacts

Answer 14

Tuvalu, Polynesia, Island is porous, 4.5m above sea level S: trauma, E: flooded infrastructure, fall in property, E: Salt water intrusion P: Gov campaigns

Question 15

Case Study: Coastal Management: Name, Method, Benefits, Costs

Answer 15

Lyme Regis, Dorset, Beach front (combat wave attack) Slopes (prevents landslides), safeguards beach, tourism secured (worth £994 million), Environmental consequences, £21 milion

Question 16

Case Study: Coastal Habitat: Name, Pioneer species, habitats&species, Benefits

Answer 16

Keyhaven Marshes (Hampshire), Cordgrass, low marsh (Wold spider), High marsh (Oyster Catcher), Sustainable useage: no entry during nesting, no littering