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Geo.1.C. Coasts > Coasts > Flashcards

Coasts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main focus of AQA Geography Paper 1 Section C?

A

Coastal environments

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2
Q

Define ‘erosion’ in the context of coastal geography.

A

The process by which materials are worn away and removed from the coast.

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3
Q

True or False: Deposition is the process of material being added to the coastline.

A

True

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4
Q

What are the four main types of coastal erosion?

A

Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the movement of material along the coast by wave action.

A

Longshore drift

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6
Q

What is a ‘fetch’ in coastal geography?

A

The distance over water that the wind blows to generate waves.

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7
Q

Identify one human activity that can increase coastal erosion.

A

Construction of sea walls.

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8
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of coastal landform? A) Headland B) Spit C) Delta D) Mountain

A

D) Mountain

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9
Q

What is a ‘spit’?

A

A narrow piece of land projecting into the sea, formed by deposition.

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10
Q

True or False: Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun.

A

True

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11
Q

What role do waves play in coastal processes?

A

Waves shape coastlines through erosion, transportation, and deposition.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are areas where the land meets the sea.

A

Coastlines

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13
Q

What is ‘subaerial erosion’?

A

Erosion that occurs on the land surface due to weathering and water.

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14
Q

Identify two factors that affect wave energy.

A

Wind speed and fetch.

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which coastal feature is formed by erosion? A) Beach B) Cave C) Lagoon D) Delta

A

B) Cave

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16
Q

What is a ‘bar’ in coastal terms?

A

A submerged or partly submerged ridge of sand or gravel.

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17
Q

True or False: Coastal management strategies can include hard engineering and soft engineering.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the purpose of a sea wall?

A

To protect the coastline from wave erosion.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process where waves break against the shore.

A

Wave action

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20
Q

What type of coastline is characterized by steep cliffs?

A

Emergent coastline

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21
Q

Identify one advantage of beach nourishment.

A

It enhances recreational opportunities.

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22
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a soft engineering technique? A) Sea wall B) Groynes C) Beach nourishment D) Riprap

A

C) Beach nourishment

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23
Q

What are ‘groynes’ used for?

A

To interrupt longshore drift and reduce beach erosion.

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24
Q

True or False: Coastal flooding can be caused by storm surges.

A

True

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25
Q

What is ‘salinity’ in relation to coastal environments?

A

The concentration of salt in water.

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26
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are ecosystems found at the interface between land and sea.

A

Coastal wetlands

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27
Q

What is the impact of climate change on coastal areas?

A

Increased sea levels and more frequent flooding.

28
Q

Identify one reason why mangroves are important for coastal protection.

A

They reduce wave energy and prevent erosion.

29
Q

Multiple Choice: Which coastal feature is formed primarily by deposition? A) Cliff B) Beach C) Cave D) Headland

A

B) Beach

30
Q

What does ‘littoral zone’ refer to?

A

The part of the shore that is affected by the tides.

31
Q

True or False: Coral reefs can act as natural barriers against coastal erosion.

A

True

32
Q

What are ‘tombolos’?

A

Sandbars that connect the mainland to an island.

33
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the gradual sinking of land, often due to natural or human-induced factors.

A

Subsidence

34
Q

What is ‘wave refraction’?

A

The bending of waves as they approach the coastline.

35
Q

Identify two types of coastal management strategies.

A

Hard engineering and soft engineering.

36
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a disadvantage of sea walls? A) They protect against erosion B) They can cause beach erosion C) They are environmentally friendly D) They are cheap

A

B) They can cause beach erosion

37
Q

What is ‘dredging’ in coastal management?

A

The removal of sediment from the bottom of water bodies to maintain navigable channels.

38
Q

True or False: Coastal ecosystems provide habitat for a wide variety of species.

A

True

39
Q

What is the function of ‘riprap’?

A

To stabilize shorelines and protect against wave action.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of water moving from the land to the ocean.

A

Runoff

41
Q

What is a ‘delta’?

A

A landform created by the deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river.

42
Q

Identify one impact of coastal development on marine ecosystems.

A

Habitat destruction.

43
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of a constructive wave? A) High energy B) Low frequency C) Erosive D) Short wavelength

A

B) Low frequency

44
Q

What is ‘storm surge’?

A

An abnormal rise in sea level during a storm due to wind and atmospheric pressure changes.

45
Q

True or False: Sediment transport is essential for maintaining beach profiles.

A

True

46
Q

What are ‘beach profiles’?

A

The cross-sectional shape of a beach, including its slope and features.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are the seasonal changes in beach morphology.

A

Beach dynamics

48
Q

What is the role of ‘sea grasses’ in coastal environments?

A

They stabilize sediments and provide habitat for marine life.

49
Q

Identify two major threats to coastal areas from human activities.

A

Pollution and urban development.

50
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT affect coastal erosion? A) Wave energy B) Coastal vegetation C) Tidal range D) River flow

A

D) River flow

51
Q

What is ‘coastal retreat’?

A

The landward movement of the coastline due to erosion.

52
Q

True or False: Coastal processes are influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors.

A

True

53
Q

What does ‘hard engineering’ refer to in coastal management?

A

The use of solid structures to protect the coast.

54
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for the study of coastlines and their processes.

A

Coastal geomorphology

55
Q

What is ‘beach nourishment’?

A

The process of adding sand to a beach to combat erosion.

56
Q

Identify one environmental impact of coastal tourism.

A

Increased pollution.

57
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of wave is most likely to erode a cliff? A) Constructive B) Destructive C) Gentle D) Low-energy

A

B) Destructive

58
Q

What are ‘marine protected areas’?

A

Regions of the ocean designated for conservation and protection of marine ecosystems.

59
Q

True or False: Wetlands act as natural buffers against storm surges.

A

True

60
Q

What is ‘coastal resilience’?

A

The ability of coastal systems to absorb disturbances and recover quickly.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are the natural barriers formed by coral reefs.

A

Coral barriers

62
Q

What is the significance of the ‘intertidal zone’?

A

It is the area that is exposed to air at low tide and submerged at high tide.

63
Q

Identify one method of soft engineering in coastal management.

A

Managed retreat.

64
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a consequence of rising sea levels? A) Increased beach area B) Greater coastal flooding C) More tourist activities D) Decreased erosion

A

B) Greater coastal flooding

65
Q

True or False: Coastal ecosystems are resilient to all forms of environmental change.

A

False

66
Q

What is the purpose of ‘coastal zoning’?

A

To manage land use and protect coastal resources.

67
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the gradual rise in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere.

A

Global warming

Geo.1.C. Coasts (1 decks)

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