Coasts

Question 1

What is mechanical weathering?

Answer 1

When rocks disintegrate or break up without experiencing any change in their chemical composition,

Question 2

What is Mechanical weathering also know as?

Answer 2

Physical weathering

Question 3

What is the most common type of mechanical weathering?

Answer 3

Freeze thaw weathering

Question 4

How does freeze thaw weathering work?

Answer 4

First water collects on gaps in the rock, over night the temperature falls and water turns into ice. Ice is larger than water and this forces the gap to widen.

Question 5

Chemical weathering is caused by

Answer 5

chemicals in the rain or in the sea water, these chemicals breakdown the rock washing it away

Question 6

What is Hydrolysis?

Answer 6

Hydrolysis is the wearing away of the rocks by the acid rain.

Question 7

What is mass movement?

Answer 7

Mass movement is the downhill movement of sediment that moves because of gravity. It falls from the cliff onto the beach below.

Question 8

Can you name the four different types of mass movement?

Answer 8

Rock fall: Bits of rock fall of the cliff, usually due to freeze thaw weathering.
Landslide: Large blocks of rock slide downhill.
Mudflow: Saturated soil flows down a slope.
Rotational slip: Saturated soil and weak rock slump down a curved surface.

Question 9

How many wave types are there?

Answer 9

They’re two types constructive waves and destructive waves

Question 10

Tell me characteristics of a destructive wave.

Answer 10

.The swash is weaker than the backwash
.The strong backwash removes sediment from the beach.
.The waves are steep and are close together.

Question 11

Tell me characteristics of a constructive wave.

Answer 11

. Strong swash and weak backwash.
.The strong swash brings sediment to build up the beach.
.The backwash is not strong enough to remove the sediment.
.The waves are low and further apart.

Question 12

What is a swash?

Answer 12

A swash is the water that rushes up the beach

Question 13

What is a backwash?

Answer 13

The water that flows backward toward the sea.

Question 14

What is longshore drift?

Answer 14

Longshore drift is the movement of material, due to the angled approach of waves

Question 15

What id deposition?

Answer 15

Deposition is when the sea looses energy and drops the material its been carrying.

Question 16

What are factors that lead to deposition?

Answer 16

.Waves starting to slow down and loose energy
.Shallow water
.Sheltered areas eg bays
.Little or no wind.

Question 17

What is erosion?

Answer 17

Erosion is the wearing away of rock along the coastline.

Question 18

There are four types of erosion. Name them

Answer 18

Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

Question 19

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 19

Hydraulic action is the sheer power of the waves as they smash against the cliff. Air becomes trapped in the cracks and causes the rock to break apart.

Question 20

What is abrasion?

Answer 20

Abrasion is when pebbles grind along a rock platform, much like sandpaper. Overtime the rock becomes smooth.

Question 21

What is attrition?

Answer 21

Attrition is when rocks that the sea is carrying knock against each other. They break apart to become smaller and rounded.

Question 22

What is solution?

Answer 22

Solution is when sea water dissolves certain types of rocks. In the UK chalk and limestone cliffs are prone to this type of erosion.

Question 23

Concordant coastlines

Answer 23

Concordant coastlines means that the bands of rock line up in the same direction as the coastline.