Coasts

Question 1

Name the two types of wave

Answer 1

Constructive
Destructive

Question 2

Give 5 characteristics of constructive waves

Answer 2

Long wavelength
Low wave height
Strong Swash
Weak Backwash
Cause deposition of sediment
Occur up to 9 times per minute

Question 3

Give 5 characteristics of destructive waves

Answer 3

Short wavelength
High wave height
Weak swash
Strong Backwash
Cause coastal erosion
Occur 10-15 times per minute

Question 4

Define Relief

Answer 4

The way the landscape changes height

Question 5

Define Upland

Answer 5

High above sea level

Question 6

Define Lowland

Answer 6

Not very high above sea level

Question 7

What is the difference between uplands and lowlands?

Answer 7

Uplands are high above sea level whereas lowlands aren’t very high above sea level

Question 8

Give an example of an upland area in Scotland

Answer 8

Northwest Highlands
Cairngorm Mountains
Grampian Mountains
Southern Uplands

Question 9

Give an example of an upland area in Wales

Answer 9

Snowdonia
Brecon Beacons

Question 10

Give an example of an upland area in England

Answer 10

Pennines
Lake District
Dartmoor
Exmoor

Question 11

Give an example of a lowland area

Answer 11

The midlands
London Basin
The Vale of York
Lincolnshire

Question 12

What creates waves?

Answer 12

Wind blowing across the surface of the water

Question 13

Define Prevailing Wind

Answer 13

The main direction the wind comes from

Question 14

Define Fetch

Answer 14

The distance the wind has travelled across the sea or ocean

Question 15

What is the difference between the swash and backwash?

Answer 15

The swash washes up on the beach after an incoming wave has broken but the backwash is the water running back down the beach

Question 16

Which type of wave has a strong backwash?

Answer 16

Destructive

Question 17

Which type of wave has a low frequency?

Answer 17

Constructive

Question 18

Which type of wave has a low wave height?

Answer 18

Constructive

Question 19

Define Weathering

Answer 19

The breakdown of rock in situ (where it is)

Question 20

What are the 3 types of weathering?

Answer 20

Mechanical
Biological
Chemical

Question 21

What type of weathering is freeze-thaw?

Answer 21

Mechanical

Question 22

What type of weathering is this:
Roots in the sides of cliffs cause rock to break away?

Answer 22

Biological

Question 23

Define biological weathering

Answer 23

Weakening of rock by plants, animals and microbes
Growing plant roots can exert stress/pressure on rock

Question 24

Define chemical weathering

Answer 24

Breakdown of rocks due to the interaction of air, water or acid with the chemical composition of the rock

Question 25

Define mechanical weathering

Answer 25

The breakdown of rocks by physical factors in the environment such as wind, water and temperature
E.g. freeze-thaw

Question 26

Define mass movement

Answer 26

bulk movements of soil and rock debris down slopes in response to the pull of gravity

Question 27

Name the 3 types of mass movement

Answer 27

Sliding
Slumping
Rockfall

Question 28

Define slides

Answer 28

Material shifts in a straight line

Question 29

Define slumps

Answer 29

Material shifts with a rotation

Question 30

Define rockfalls

Answer 30

Material shifts vertically