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Geography > Coasts > Flashcards

Coasts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is weathering

A

When landscapes are eroded where they are

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2
Q

What is erosion

A

When rock is broken down and carried via transportation

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3
Q

What are the three types of weathering

A

Biological, chemical, mechanical

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4
Q

What is mechanical weathering

A

Breaking down of rock wothout changin the chemical composition
Eg: freeze thaw

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5
Q

Chemical weathering

A

Breaking down of rock by changing its chemical composition

Eg: acid rain

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6
Q

What is Mass movement

A

When large amounts of material moves down a slope

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7
Q

When is mass movement most likely to happen

A

When the material is full of water which acts as a lubricant which makes the material heavier

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8
Q

What are the different types of mass movement

A

Slides, slumps(rotational slip), rock falls

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9
Q

2 types of waves

A

Constructive and destructive

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10
Q

Destructive waves…

A

Erode the coast and they have a hogh frequency with a high and steep characteristic

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11
Q

Destructive waves have a stronger…

A

Backwash than swash

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12
Q

Constructive waves are…

A

Low frequence and have a low and long characteristic

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13
Q

Constructive waves have a stronger…

A

Swash than backwash

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14
Q

What are the different methods waves cause erosion

A

Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution

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15
Q

What is hydraulic action

A

When waves compress air into the cracks breaking it away

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16
Q

What is abrasion

A

When waves throw small rocks against the coast which scrape away at it

17
Q

What is attrition

A

When rocks in the water collide and make smaller pebbels

18
Q

What is solution

A

When chemicals in the water erdoe the rocks away

Eg: limestone cliffs

19
Q

What does long shore drift do

A

Trasports material along the coast

20
Q

Processes of transportation

A

Traction, suspension, saltation, solution

21
Q

What is traction

A

When large particles are rolled alkng the sea bed

22
Q

What is suspension

A

When small particles are suspended above the sea bed

23
Q

What is saltation

A

When sediment is bounced along the sea floor

24
Q

What is solution

A

When sediment is dissolved and carried in the water

25
Q

What is depostion

A

When sediment has been deposited because the sea has no energy

26
Q

Coastlines can be two things, what are they?

A

Discourdant and concourdant

27
Q

What is a discourdant coastline

A

When a coastline is made up of gard and soft rock in bands

28
Q

What is a concourdant coastline

A

Bands of hard and soft rock parallel to the coast

29
Q

What coastline do headlands and bays form on

A

Discourdant

30
Q

Example of headland and bay is…

A

Swanage bay

31
Q

What coastline are coves found on

A

Concourdant

32
Q

How is a cove formed

A

When the softer rocks are eroded away faster than the hard rocks and they erode to form a circular bag with a narrow enterance
Eg: laworth cove

33
Q

How are caves formed

A

When there are crackes in a headland they then have waves crashing into them making them bugger forming a cave, erosion deepens it to form an arch
Eg: durdle door

34
Q

How is a stack formed

A

Erosion breaks the rock supporting the arch until it collapses leaving a stack
Eg: old harry rocks

35
Q

Wave cut platforms are formed by…

A

Waves casue most erosion at the bottom of the cliff causing a wave cut notch, gets bigger, rock above the notcb becomes unstable and eventually it collapses, material is then washed away and a new wave cut notch starts to form after repeating the cliff retreats leaving a wave cut platform
Eg: kimerage

36
Q

Depositional land forms

A

Beach, spits, bar (a spit joining two headlands together), sand dune’s

Geography (3 decks)

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