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Physical Geography Definitions > Coastal Systems And Landscapes > Flashcards

Coastal Systems And Landscapes Flashcards

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1
Q

Abrasion

A

A form of erosion where loose material ‘sandpaper’s’ the walls and floors of a river, cliff or glacier.

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2
Q

Back shore

A

The upper beach, closest to land

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3
Q

Beach morphology

A

The surface shape of the beach

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4
Q

Coastal recession

A

The retreat of a coastline due to erosion, sea level rise or submergence

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5
Q

Concordant coastline

A

A coastline where bands of alternate geology run parallel to the coast

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6
Q

Corrasion

A

A form of erosion when breaking waves fling material at a cliff face, physically knocking off material

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7
Q

Corrosion

A

The acid in sea water and some types of sea weed attacks particular rock minerals, causing erosion and weakening

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8
Q

Dalmatian coast

A

A concordant coastline with several river valleys running perpendicular to the coast. They become flooded to produce parallel long islands

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9
Q

DEFRA’s 1:1 cost benefit analysis

A

The evaluation of a coastal town’s economic value compared to the cost of the management required. Costs are tangible and intangible, could be money or visual impact

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10
Q

Discordant coastline

A

A coastline where alternate geology run perpendicular to the shore

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11
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

Where a natural system tries to achieve balance by making constant changes in response to a constantly changing system

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12
Q

Emergent coast

A

A coastline that is advancing relative to the sea level at the time

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13
Q

Eustatic

A

Global changes to sea level

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14
Q

Fetch

A

The distance the wave travels before it reaches the shoreline.

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15
Q

Fjord

A

Long narrow inlet deeper in the middle section than at the mouth, created when sea levels rise relative to the land, flooding coastal glacial valleys

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16
Q

Foreshore

A

The lower part of the beach covered twice a day at high tide, receives the most regular wave action

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17
Q

Freeze thaw

A

A fork of physical sub aerial weathering where water freezes in the cracks of a rock, expands and enlarges the crack, therefore weakens the rock

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18
Q

Geology

A

The structure and arrangement of a rock

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19
Q

Glacial erosion

A

The removal of loose material by glacier ice, involving plucking, abrasion, crushing and basal melt water

20
Q

High energy environment

A

A coastline where wave action is predominantly large destructive waves, causing erosion

21
Q

Hydraulic action

A

The pressure of compressed air forced into cracks in a rock face will cause the rock the weaken and break apart

22
Q

Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)

A

Large sections of coastline are managed with one integrated strategy and management occurred between different political boundaries

23
Q

Impermeable

A

A rock that does not allow rainwater to pass through

24
Q

Isostatic

A

A change in the height of the coastline relative to the sea

25
Q

Littoral cell

A

A section of the coast, within which involves much sediment movement. A littoral cell is not a closed system

26
Q

Longshore drift

A

The transportation of sediment along a beach. Determined by direction of prevailing wind

27
Q

Low energy environment

A

A coastline where wave action is predominantly small contrastive waves, causing deposition

28
Q

Beach accretion

A

Process of coastal sediment returning to visible portion of beach or foreshore

29
Q

Mass movement

A

The falling or movement of rock

30
Q

Nearshore

A

The area before the shore where wave steepness and breaks before they reach the shore and then reform before breaking on the beach. Extremes from low tide zone then out to sea

31
Q

Permeable

A

A rock that allows rainwater to pass through it

32
Q

Plant succession

A

Change to a plant community due to growing conditions adapting (e.g. salt marsh)

33
Q

Ria

A

Narrow winding inlet which is deepest at the mouth, formed when sea levels rise causing coastal valleys to flood

34
Q

Saltation

A

Smaller sediment bounces along the sea bed, being pushed by currents, as it’s too heavy to be picked up by flow of water

35
Q

Sediment cell

A

Section of the coast bordered by prominent headlands. Within these sections, the movement of sediment of almost contained and the flows of sediment should act in dynamic equilibrium

36
Q

Sediment budget

A

Use data of inputs, outputs, stores and transfers to asses the gains and losses of sediment within a cell

37
Q

SMP

A

Identifies all of the activities, both natural and human, which occur within the coastline area of each cell and then recommends a combination of 4 actions for each stretch of that coastline

38
Q

Hold the line

A

Coastal defences are maintained to protect a coastline from the impacts of rising sea levels and erosion, no new ones are built

39
Q

Advance the line

A

New defences are built further into sea in an attempt to revise the stress on current defences and possibly extend the coastline

40
Q

Managed retreat

A

Move people and allow coastal processes to occur

41
Q

Do nothing

A

The area is no of any value, coastal processes are ignored

42
Q

Sub aerial processes

A

The combination of mass movement and weathering thats affects coastal land above the sea

43
Q

Submergent coast

A

A coast that is sinking relative to the sea level

44
Q

Till

A

Deposits of angular rocks fragments in a finer medium

45
Q

Wave quarrying

A

When the air is trapped and compressed against a cliff which causes rock fragments to break off the cliff over time

46
Q

Hard engineering

A

Construction of physical structures to protect coasts

47
Q

Soft engineering

A

The natural environment is used to help reduce coastal erosion, it uses sustainable ecological practice to restore shoreline stabilisation

Physical Geography Definitions (1 decks)

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