coastal processes and land forms

Question 1

abrasion

Answer 1

Erosion caused by friction when waves carry sand or pebbles and use them to wear away the landscape.

Question 2

arches

Answer 2

Natural arch-shaped features in cliffs on the coastline that are formed by the erosion of a cave in a headland.

Question 3

attrition

Answer 3

A type of erosion where rocks smash against each other making them smaller and more rounded.

Question 4

back wash

Answer 4

he flow of water back into the sea after a wave has broken on a beach

Question 5

faults

Answer 5

Major cracks in rocks caused by earth movements

Question 6

deposition

Answer 6

The laying down of material in the landscape. Deposition occurs when the force that was carrying the sediment is reduced.

Question 7

fetch

Answer 7

The distance over which wind has blown to create waves on the sea. The greater the fetch, the larger the waves.

Question 8

hydraulic action

Answer 8

Erosion caused when water and air are forced into gaps in rock or soil.

Question 9

landslide

Answer 9

The sudden collapse of a hillside under its own weight. Landslides are sometimes triggered on a cliff by erosion at the foot of the slope.

Question 10

longshore drift

Answer 10

A process by which beach material Is moved along the coast.

Question 11

offshore bar

Answer 11

A feature on the sea bed formed by the deposition of sand.

Question 12

retreat

Answer 12

The gradual backward movement of a landform due to the process of erosion. The coastline retreats due to the erosion of a cliff.