Coastal Processe Are A Vitak Context For Human Acrivity Flashcards
6 positive impacts of coastal processes on human activity
Recreation/tourism - leisure pursuits and coastal landscapes
Residential - people want to live there
Job opportunities - eu estimates 3.2m people have jobs, €183 billion in coastal tourism
Agriculture - tidal mudflats drained
Industry - rias provide deep water ports. Eg Milford haven wales has a depth of 17 even at low tide
Transportation - rias allow deep vessels to travel inland
Why are tourist attracted to the coastal zone?
Natural features- scenery eg Pembrokeshire coast natural park, Spanish costas, warm seas, surfing, ecosystems eg great barrier for snorkelling, fossils for Jurassic coast
Deep water ports suitable for cruises
Rebranding and marketing by coastal resorts - eg brighton rebranding, Blackpool redevelopment
To visit places seen in tv or film
How much was seaside tourism worth in England in 2016?
£8 billion
4 Positive Impacts of tourism at the coastal zone
Development of services and infrastructure - Benidorm in 1960s
Large number of jobs created
People make a living providing for tourists
Money earns locally is spent locally creating a multiplier effect
8 Negative impacts from tourism at the coastal zone
Footpath erosion -durdle door Dorset 200,000 ppl, eroded down 30cm Damage to ecosystems - forest cleared Unsustainable demand for water Infrastructure overload Second homes banned eg st ives Cornwall Closed seasonal shops Reliance on one economic activity Cruise ship pollution
4 negative impacts of coastal processes on human activity
Rapid mass movement events eg cliff collapse may kill but are rare.
Coastal erosion causes damage or loss of buildings eg 113,000 residential and 9000 commercial properties at risk
Loss of beach sediment means less tourists and less income
Low lying areas vulnerable to flooding
What are the 5 coastal management strategies?
Do nothing Managed retreat or realignment Hold the line Advance the line Limited intervention
What is do nothing?
Allows natural processes such as coastal erosion to continue
What is managed retreat or realignment?
Allows the shoreline to move inland by erosion or flooding to a new line of defence
What is hold the line?
The present shoreline is protected by a variety of hard and soft engineering solutions
What is advance the line?
The shoreline is moved seawards either using hard engineering structures or by encouraging sand dune growth
What is limited intervention?
Deals with the problem to some extent for example by encouraging the growth of salt marsh or sand dunes that reduce the impact of wave energy. It can also involve raising buildings to cope with flooding due to rising sea levels.
What is feasibility?
Considers the technical aspects
What is cost benefit analysis?
Divides the value of benefits (eg property protection and employment) by costs (eg capital building costs and maintenance)
Benefits should outweigh costs
What is environmental impact analysis?
Considers effects on the environment such as changes to sediment flows in the immediate area and further along the coast
