Coastal Managment

Question 1

Why manage the coast?

Answer 1

23% total land area lives within 10 km of the coast
16.9 million people live within the coastal zone
Land around it needs protecting so therefore we need to protect the coast:
33% pasture land
25% arable land
30% covered by buildings, roads, recreation
40% of uks manufacturing industry lies close to the coast (could have big economic loss if destroyed)

Question 2

What are the 3 reasons for coastal management?

Answer 2

• coastal erosion
• coastal flooding
• failure of former defences

Question 3

What is “hold the line” as a possible management strategy?

Answer 3

Maintain current defences or build new ones to ensure coastline stays where it is

Question 4

What is “advance the line” as a possible management strategy?

Answer 4

Build new defences seaward of existing line

Question 5

What is “retreat the line” as a possible management strategy?

Answer 5

Allow the coastline to retreat due to flooding and erosion but closely manage the rate and location of this retreat

Question 6

What is “do nothing” as a possible management strategy?

Answer 6

Low value areas left to natural coastal processes as not deemed viable to spend on deferences

Question 7

What general factors may dictate the approach taken?

Answer 7

Who is impacted?
Is there ecological importance?
Likelihood of succces?
What are the alternatives?
Cost of defence?
Any alternatives?

Question 9

What are social factors that may dictate approach taken?

Answer 9

• if there is anything there to protect e.g. peoples houses/how many live there
• is there many facilities around (hospitals, schools)
• areas of importance?

Question 10

What are economic factors which may dictate approch taken?

Answer 10

• if there is many tourists coming into the coastal area, boosting the economy
• if big city/area which generates money they could advance the line

Question 11

What are political factors which may dictate the approach taken?

Answer 11

• if there is a war/unrest then it doesn’t need to look nice, as it may get destroyed anyway
• if it is of political/historic importance they should advance the line

Question 12

What are environmental factors which may dictate the approch taken?

Answer 12

• if there is unique wildlife/plant species at risk of being destroyed, or any endangered species
• the amount of plants/trees

Question 13

What is a cost-benefit analysis?

Answer 13

They are carried out before a coastal management project is given the go ahead.

Question 14

What are the 2 types of cost-benefit analysis?

Answer 14

Tangible
Intangible

Question 15

What is a tangible cost-benefit analysis?

Answer 15

Where costs and benefits are known and can be given a monetary value

Question 16

What is an intangible cost benefit analysis?

Answer 16

Where costs may be difficult to access but are important (e.g. visual impact)

Question 17

What are some examples of tangible factors?

Answer 17

-The amount of houses/infrastructure protected
-the actual cost ($)
- value of land
- value of businesses

Question 18

What are some intangible factors?

Answer 18

The wildlife affected
How many rabbits/birds?
Is it going to look more attractive/less?
Cultural factors (loss of graveyards)