Coastal Management Case Studies

Question 1

which of the 11 sediment cells is the Holderness Coast in>

Answer 1

2

Question 2

outline the geology along the Holderness Coast

Answer 2

Flamborough head - chalk headland which is resistant but vertical crack/joints run through it making it vulnerable to weathering and erosional processes
most cliffs are made from boulder clay

Question 3

what are the main inputs in sediment cell 2

Answer 3

sediment via longshore drift

mass movement of the cliffs

Question 4

characteristics of cliffs on the holderness coast

Answer 4

weak and unconsolidated

Question 5

what are the main factors that affect the holderness coast system

Answer 5

geology
wind power - NE winds with a long fetch from the north sea
wave energy

Question 6

what land forms are associated with Flamborough head on the holderness coast

Answer 6

cliffs and wave cut platforms

caves stacks arches

Question 7

how much has the coastline of the holderness coast retreated since Roman times

Answer 7

5km

Question 8

what is the rate of erosion on the holderness coast

Answer 8

up to 10m a year

fastest eroding coastline in Europe

Question 9

why are coastal defence along Spurn Head Spit no longer maintained?

Answer 9

groynes : they exacerbate long shore drift further down the coast, they are too expensive
since the Yorkshire Naturalist’s Trust bought it they have been unable to afford maintenance

Question 10

Where is the Sefton Coast?

Answer 10

Merseyside, North of Liverpool

stretches 12 miles between Southport and Waterloo

Question 11

outline the need for coastal management at Sefton

Answer 11

sea level rise makes the coastline more vulnerable to erosion
protects ports and tourism industry
protects local specials

Question 12

what local species would be protected at Sefton?

Answer 12

natterjack toads and red squirrels

Question 13

what soft engineering management strategies have been used at Sefton

Answer 13

afforestation - planting xmas trees on the sea ward edge of dunes
signage and warnings along the beach

Question 14

why is afforestation used at sefton? how is it sustainable?

Answer 14

encourages dune regeneration and provides a greener area

Question 15

what sorts of signage and warnings are used at sefton?

Answer 15

fencing off certain areas
boardwalks
directions to the beach for visitors to follow
banning off road vehicles

Question 16

what makes the use of signage and warnings at sefton sustainable?

Answer 16

protects the environment from human intervention that could damage the dunes
minimal costs make it economically viable
rarely needs maintaining

Question 17

why have local authorities adopted soft engineering strategies at sefton?

Answer 17

to seek a sustainable and manageable future for future generations

Question 18

where is morcambe and heysham?

Answer 18

Lancashire, nw england

Question 19

how much of the morcambe coastline is protected by sea defences?

Answer 19

8.5km

Question 20

how much was spent on coastal defneces at morcambe between 1989 and 2007?

Answer 20

£28 million

Question 21

what are the five hard engineering strategies used at the morcambe/heysham coastline?

Answer 21

10 breakwaters/rock groynes using locally sourced limestone
rip rap
traditional re curved sea wall
500 gabions
concrete revetments

Question 22

what are the main land uses at morcambe/heysham

Answer 22

Heysham nuclear power station
Heysham port
residential
retail
seaside tourise
hotels/guest houses
golf club

Question 23

what evidence suggests the morcambe/heysham defence systems are sustainable to an extent

Answer 23

all limestone materials were sourced from quarries less than 10km away from the sites, reduces the carbon footprint
location of the breakwaters and groynes encourage beach formation and acts as a soft engineering strategy to reinforce the hard defences

Question 24

what is Morcambe bay classified as?

Answer 24

a Site of Special Scientific interest (SSSI) and Special Area of Conservation (SAC)

Question 25

why does Morcambe being classed as a SAC help it be sustainable?

Answer 25

because it helps protect and promot the growth of biodiversity in the coastal environtment