Coastal Management Flashcards
What type of coastal management took place on the Blackwater Estuary, Essex? What type of engineering was used to accomplish this and how?
- Managed Retreat
- soft engineering by allowing 84 hectares of land to flood into salt marshes and wetlands
Who conducted the coastal management plan of the Blackwater Estuary?
Essex Wildlife Trust
Why was the type of management in the Blackwater Easuary, Essex, chosen?
Negative CBA showed that the soil quality of the farms wasn’t worth protecting
What conflicts, surrounding the Blackwater Estuary management plan, arose? How were they resolved?
- west Mersey fisherman were worried that their oysters would be choked by the increased sediment from the salt marshes and that they would lose their trade however it wasn’t a problem
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) we’re worried that bird habitats would be lost but they were actually increased
What type of Shoreline Management Plan (SMP) took place along the Namibian coastline?
- it was an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) so actually included: Hold the Line, Managed Retreat and Do Nothing
- looked at the effects of coastal management across the whole 1570km coastline
What costal management techniques took place along the Skeleton Coastline in Namibia? Where there any conflicts?
It was a low cost protection plan using Do Nothing and Managed Retreat as it was not economically viable to protect.
Some people were upset as they had to be relocated
Much of the coastline was left or converted into aquatic ecosystems
What coastal management techniques took place in Henties Bay, Namibia?
This was a moderate cost option where soft engineering took place to hold the line
This was to protect the luxury tourism centres and hotels
What coastal management techniques took place in Walvis Bay, Namibia?
High cost hard engineering took place to protect the highly valuable Walvis Port
A recurved seawall was put in
All infrastructure and roads were raised
What type of SMP took place in Happisburgh (NE Norfolk)? What effect were they worried about happening to the coast?
Used to be hold the line but in 2008 switched to managed retreat as terminal groyne in updrift Eccles starved the area of sediment
Worried about the promontory effect whereby the protected part of the cost would begin to stick out as the surrounding areas were eroded
Who were the winners and losers of the Happisburgh SMP?
WINNERS:
caravan park because it was relocated
Some of the villagers as the N Norfolk council bought 10 of the most vulnerable homes from half the original value
LOSERS:
- farmers who lost their land
- local heritage was lost
- villagers whose homes were not bought and became worthless, some were valued at 10p
What type of SMP took place on the Maldivian capital island of Malé?
A 3m sea wall was put in place around the island (hold the line)
The artificial island of Humalé is being constructed in order to move some of the population across (advance the line)
Government is focusing its resources here and is also thinking about buying land from the Philippines
What type of SMP took place in rural islands of the Maldives? Why did this cause conflict? Who helped resolve it?
- Government did not help any of the rural islands and concentrated its money and time on the capital
- local people felt abandoned by their government causing conflict
- the NGO ‘Mangroves for the Future’ educated the rural populations about growing and protecting/ conserving the Mangroves instead of cutting them down. They explained how they act as an ecosystem buffer
- the Japanese donated money for buying trees and equipment to the NGO to prevent there being lots of environmental refugees
