Coastal Management

Question 1

Swell

Answer 1

Movement of the sea in rolling waves that do not break.

Question 2

Fetch

Answer 2

The distance travelled by waves across open water.

Question 3

Swash

Answer 3

The rush of seawater up the beach after the breaking of a wave.

Question 4

Backwash

Answer 4

The motion of receding waves.

Question 5

Constructive Waves

Answer 5

Low energy waves.

They have a strong swash and a weaker backwash. This means sand is more likely to be deposited on the beach.

Question 6

Destructive Waves

Answer 6

High energy waves.

Have a stronger backwash which means they are able to erode the beach and carry sand offshore.

Question 7

Sand Dunes

What it is and how it’s formed

Answer 7

What it is: a ridge of sand

How it’s formed: wind

Question 8

Spits

What it is

Answer 8

longshore drift that forms a ridge of sand that extends from land to open water

Question 9

Tombolo

What it is and how it’s formed

Answer 9

What it is: sand that grows out from mainland and joins with an island
How it was formed: spit

Question 10

Cave

What it is and how it’s formed

Answer 10

What it is: eroded rock

How it was formed: wave energy

Question 11

Stack

What it is and how it’s formed

Answer 11

What it is: pillar of rocks

How it was formed: when rocks falls into the ocean

Question 12

Headland

What it is and how it’s formed

Answer 12

What it is: narrow, high land coming out from a coastal cliff into the sea
How it was formed: from rocks

Question 13

Coastal lagoon

What it is and how it’s formed

Answer 13

What it is: a swamp at the back of a beach

How it was formed: water gets pushed back into it then can’t escape because the buildup of sand

Question 14

Bay

What it is and how it’s formed

Answer 14

What it is: broad, curved indentation in the coastline

How it was formed: erosion overtime

Question 15

Beach

What it is and how it’s formed

Answer 15

What it is: sandy area on the zone known as a berm

How it was formed: waves deposit sand on the berm

Question 16

Coastal Dune System

What it is and how it’s formed

Answer 16

What it is: Sand and gravel deposits within a marine beach. (Beach berms, frontal Dunes, dune ridges, back Dunes)
How it’s formed: deposited waves.

Question 17

Erosional or depositional?
• sand Dunes
• spits
• tombolo
• cave
• stack
• headland
• rock platform
• coastal lagoon 
• bay
• beach

Answer 17

• sand Dunes - depositional
• spits - depositional
• tombolo - depositional
• cave - erosional
• stack - erosional
• headland - erosional
• rock platform - erosional
• coastal lagoon - depositional
• bay - depositional
• beach - depositional

Question 18

Tides
• development
• impact

Answer 18

Development: caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth and the Moon.
Impact: flooding, development of coast swamps

Question 19

Longshore drift
•How it works
• It’s impact on coastal areas

Answer 19

How it works: the wave direction approaches the beach at an angle, then gets washed back into the ocean according to gravity.
Effects in coastal areas: can break down sea walls

Question 20

SHEEPT

Answer 20

S - social
H - historical
E - economic 
E - environmental
P - political
T - technological

Question 21

Short term changes in coastal areas

Answer 21

Erosion, waves, high tide

Question 22

Long term changes in coastal areas

Answer 22

Destruction of land, rise in sea levels

Question 23

Importance of coastal environment

Answer 23

Protection to the land, recreational

Question 24

Managing coastal areas

Answer 24

Grounds, rock and sea walls, boardwalks and signage