Coastal Management Flashcards
What is beach nourishment?
Beach nourishment is the process of dumping or pumping sand from elsewhere onto an eroding shoreline to create a new beach or to widen the existing beach.
What is cost-benefit analysis?
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) estimates and totals up the equivalent money value of the benefits and costs to the community of projects to establish whether they are worthwhile.
What is dune stabilisation and how is it done?
Stabilisation is simply the process of inhibiting dunes from eroding and promoting their growth. Stabilising dunes involves multiple actions. Planting vegetation reduces the impact of wind and water. Wooden sand fences can help retain sand and other material needed for a healthy sand dune ecosystem. Footpaths protect dunes from damage from foot traffic
What is environmental impact assessment?
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the process by which the anticipated effects on the environment of a proposed development or project are measured. If the likely effects are unacceptable, design measures or other relevant mitigation measures can be taken to reduce or avoid those effects.
What are gabions and how do they work?
Gabions are wire mesh baskets filled with cobbles or crushed rock. The purpose of a gabion revetment is to provide short term (5-10 years) protection from backshore erosion by absorbing wave energy along the dune face.
What is sustainable coastal management?
Management that is not degradative to the environment.
What are groynes?
A man-made barrier built across a beach (from the back of the beach down into the sea). Groynes are usually made of wood or concrete and are built to trap sand and hold it on the beach. They inhibit longshore drift.
What are the differences between hard and soft engineering?
Soft engineering options are often less expensive than hard engineering options. They are usually more long-term and sustainable, with less impact on the environment. Hard engineering options tend to be expensive, short-term options. They may also have a high impact on the landscape or environment and be unsustainable. Hard engineering usually involves implementing a large structure whereas soft engineering does not.
What are holistic coastal management strategies?
Holistic management is regulation of development on the shore and the activities that might impact the coast.
What is integrated coastal management?
A process for the management of the coast using an integrated approach, regarding all aspects of the coastal zone, including geographical and political boundaries, in an attempt to achieve sustainability.
What is managed retreat?
Managed retreat (also managed realignment) allows an area that was not previously exposed to flooding by the sea to become flooded by removing coastal protection.
What are NGOs?
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a not-for-profit organization that is independent from states and international governmental organizations. They are usually funded by donations but some avoid formal funding altogether and are run primarily by volunteers
What are offshore breakwaters?
A series of artificial headlands. Offshore breakwater systems provide shoreline protection by intercepting incoming waves and creating stable pocket beaches between the fixed stone structures, or “headlands”. The system includes beach nourishment and planting beach and dune vegetation.
What is rip-rap?
Loose rock material used to protect the backshore by absorbing wave energy.
What are revetments?
Revetments are sloping structures placed on banks or cliffs in such a way as to absorb the energy of incoming water.
What are sea walls?
Seawalls are vertical or near vertical shore-parallel structures designed to prevent upland erosion and storm surge flooding. Seawalls are generally massive concrete structures emplaced along a considerable stretch of shoreline at urban beaches. They are usually curved to reflect wave energy.
What are shoreline management policies?
They describe how a stretch of shoreline is most likely to be managed to address flood and/or erosion. Stretches of coast are divided into ‘management units’, and for each of these one of four different management policies are agreed.
What is cliff regrading and drainage?
Regrading: Restructuring a cliff face to take away the steep gradient
Drainage: steel barriers and drains put into a cliff to intercept the water movement through the cliff which causes mass movement.
What is amenity value?
Amenity values are the characteristics that influence and enhance people’s appreciation of a particular area. These values are derived from the pleasantness, aesthetic coherence and cultural and recreational attributes of an area.
What is an environmental refugee?
An environmental refugee is a person displaced owing to environmental causes, notably land loss and degradation, and natural disaster.
