coastal management

Question 0

what is erosion

Answer 0

removal of rock and sand particles as a result of wind and wave action

Question 1

issues in coastal environments

Answer 1

• development
• rivers/lagoons
• erosion
• pollution
• population growth
• introduced plants
• tourism

Question 2

what are the four types of coastal erosion

Answer 2

hydraulic action
corrosion abrasion
corrosion solution
attrition

Question 3

what is hydraulic action

Answer 3

when a wave hits a headland, the trapped air is compressed which weaken the cliff

Question 4

what is corrosion- abrasion

Answer 4

bits if rock and sand in waves grind down cliff surfaces

Question 5

what is corrosion (solution)

Answer 5

acids contained in sea water dissolve some rock types

Question 6

what is attrition

Answer 6

waves smash rocks into smaller particles to use in abrasion

Question 7

how are sea cliffs formed

Answer 7

large waves break and cut the foot of the cliff causing wave cut notches
these notches enlarge until the cliff collapses

Question 8

how are headlands and bays formed?

Answer 8

the sea erodes a section of the coast

the soft rock erodes quicker causing bays to form and the hard rock is left forming headlands

Question 9

how do caves, arches, stacks and blowholes form?

Answer 9

caves occur when waves force their way into cracks in a cliff
arches occur when the cave breaks through to the other side
stacks are formed when the arch becomes bigger and breaks at the top leaving a column
blowholes form when cracks in the rock create a gap right through to the top

Question 10

what is a crest?

Answer 10

peak of the wave

Question 11

what is a trough?

Answer 11

bottom of the wave

Question 12

what is the fetch

Answer 12

distance wind travels over the ocean to form waves

Question 13

what is the size of a wave influenced by:

Answer 13

wind strength

wind duration

wind speed

Question 13

what is swash

Answer 13

when the water is washed up the beach

Question 14

what is backwash

Answer 14

when the water runs back down the beach

Question 15

what is the difference between constructive and destructive waves

Answer 15

destructive waves make the beach steeper we they drag sand down the beach
constructive waves push sand up the beach

Question 16

which waves have strong backwash and weak swash

Answer 16

destructive waves

Question 17

which waves have weak backwash and strong swash

Answer 17

constructive waves

Question 18

what is longshore drift

Answer 18

where the swash carries the material up the beach at an angle and the backwash travels back in a straight line
this continually transports materials along the coast

occurs in a zig zag

Question 19

what is deposition

Answer 19

happens when the swash is stronger the the backwash

when waves lose energy and drops any particles it’s been carrying

Question 20

name 5 depositional features

Answer 20

beach
spits and bars
tombolo
storm bay/ sand bank
sand dunes

Question 21

what is coastal management

Answer 21

the controlled retreat of the coastline

Question 22

what is the difference between soft engineering and hard engineering

Answer 22

soft- less expensive and more sustainable

hard- expensive, unsustainable

Question 23

why do we need coastal management

Answer 23

to prevent beaches from eroding away and disappearing as this occurs naturally

Question 24

what are some effects of costal erosion

Answer 24

• loss of land
• loss of infrastructure
• loss of property
• economic loss- tourism

Question 25

name some hard engineering approaches

Answer 25

groynes
sea wall
rock bars
rock gabions
metal pilling 
rip rap
revetments

Question 26

name some soft engineering approaches

Answer 26

sand pumped
replanting grass
boardwalks
mangrove trees