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Year 10 Geography > Coastal Landscapes Glossary > Flashcards

Coastal Landscapes Glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

Relief

A

Relief describes the physical features of a landscape, including its height, steepness and how its features are shaped.

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2
Q

Waves

A

Ripples in the sea caused by the transfer of energy from the wind blowing over the surface of the sea. The largest waves are formed when winds are very strong, blow for lengthy periods and cross large expanses of water.

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3
Q

Fetch

A

The distance that wind blows over the sea before reaching land.

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4
Q

Beach

A

Deposited sand/rock/pebbles that have built up.

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5
Q

Crest

A

Top of a wave.

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6
Q

Swash

A

When a wave moves up the beach.

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7
Q

Backwash

A

When a wave moves back down the beach.

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8
Q

Constructive Wave

A

Powerful wave.
Strong swash.
Builds up the beach.

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9
Q

Destructive Wave

A

Formed by storm conditions.
Strong backwash.
Takes material from the beach.

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10
Q

Mass movement

A

The downhill movement of weathered material under the force of gravity. The speed can vary considerably.

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11
Q

Slumping

A

Rapid mass movement where a whole segment of a cliff moves downslope.

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12
Q

Sliding

A

Occurs after periods of heavy rain when loose surface material becomes saturated and the extra weight causes the material to become unstable and move rapidly downhill, sometimes in an almost fluid state, e.g. landslide.

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13
Q

Rockfall

A

Collapse of a cliff face.

Individual rocks fall from a cliff.

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14
Q

Landslide

A

Blocks of rock slide downwards.

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15
Q

Rotational Slip

A

Saturated (wet) soil and weak rock which slumps along a curved surface.

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16
Q

Chemical Weathering

A

The decomposition (or rotting) of rock caused by a chemical change within that rock; sea water can cause chemical weathering of cliffs.

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17
Q

Mechanical Weathering

A

Weathering processes that cause physical disintegration or break up of exposed rock without any change in the chemical composition of the rock, e.g. freeze-thaw weathering.

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18
Q

Hydraulic Power

A

Water is forced in to cracks in the cliff. Gradually making the cracks bigger and bigger.

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19
Q

Abrasion OR Corrasion

A

Rocks are flung at the cliff by powerful waves. They start to erode the cliffs.

20
Q

Corrosion OR Solution

A

Rocks like limestone dissolve.

21
Q

Attrition

A

Pebbles bang together making them smaller and smoother over time.

22
Q

Transportation

A

The movement of eroded material.

23
Q

Traction

A

Heavy rocks (boulders) are rolled along the sea bed.

24
Q

Solution

A

Dissolved chemicals are transported in the water.

25
Q

Saltation

A

Pebbles bounce along the sea bed in a leap-frogging motion.

26
Q

Suspension

A

Lighter particles e.g. sand are suspended in the water.

27
Q

Longshore Drift

A

Transportation of sediment along the coastline.

Waves approach the beach at a 45o angle and transport beach material (sediment) up and down the beach.

28
Q

Sand Dune

A

Coastal sand hill above the high tide mark, shaped by wind action, covered with grasses and shrubs.

29
Q

Embryo Dune

A

At the front of the dunes is the youngest dune called an embryo dune, this is very salty as it’s close to the sea.

30
Q

Fore Dune

A

These are older, slightly higher and further from the sea than the embryo dune.

31
Q

Yellow Dune

A

These are taller than the fore dune.

32
Q

Grey Dune

A

These are the furthest dunes from the beach and the conditions are less salty so more plants can grow.

33
Q

Dune Slack

A

Wind cam form depressions in the sand where ponds may form.

34
Q

Headland

A

More resistant (hard) rock which juts (sticks) out in to the sea.

35
Q

Bay

A

Bays are mainly circular and created out of less resistant (soft) rock. They form between the areas of more resistant rock and often have beaches.

36
Q

Cliff

A

A steep, high rock face formed by weathering and erosion.

37
Q

Wave-cut Platform

A

Wide sloping surface at the base of a cliff. Eroded by hydraulic erosion and abrasion.

38
Q

Wave-cut Notch

A

Small notch (dent) cut in to the cliff at the level of high tide. Eroded by hydraulic action and abrasion.

39
Q

Cave

A

Hydraulic action makes cracks bigger to create a cave.

40
Q

Arch

A

The cave becomes bigger due to hydraulic action and abrasion. Eventually the cave breaks through the headland to create an arch.

41
Q

Stack

A

The arch collapses as there is nothing to support it. Leaving an isolated rock stack.

42
Q

Stump

A

The stack gets eroded further by erosion and weathering (wind and rain) to form a stump.

43
Q

Spit

A

A finger of new land made of sand. It juts out in to the sea from the coast.

44
Q

Bar

A

A spit which has grown across a bay.

It forms a bar of sand with a freshwater lake/lagoon trapped behind it.

45
Q

Salt Marsh

A

Low lying (below sea level) coastal wetland.

Year 10 Geography (1 decks)

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