Coastal Landscapes-CS

Question 1

Tell me about the background info for sefton dunes

Answer 1

-north of Liverpool
-largest dune area in England
-over the last 20 year, average rate of erosion=4.5 m per year

Question 2

Tell me about conservation methods on sefton dunes

Answer 2

-dune regeneration:
•planting pine trees-> bad because pine needles accumulate->create a thick layer that can prevent the growth of other plants and vegetation-> lead to a decrease in biodiversity. the acidity of pine needles can alter the pH of the soil, making it less suitable for certain plant species.

-banning of road vehicles
-area established a nature reserve in 1965-replanting of species and removal of invasive species took place
-fencing of dunes

Question 3

Tell me about the causes of Erosion on sefton dunes

Answer 3

-dredging of beach material for the glass industry
-walking to the frontal dune
-use of off-road vehicles

Question 4

What are mangroves?

Answer 4

A group of trees and shrubs which grow in tidal, tropical, coastal swamps. Have tangle roots that grow above the ground and form dense thickets.

Question 5

Tell me about the backgrounds of the Sundarbans- Mangroves

Answer 5

-occupy the world’s biggest delta of 10,000km squared
-home to 4 mil people

Question 6

Tell me about the opportunities the sundarbans have created

Answer 6

•a density of 30 trees per 0.01 hectares can reduce the destructive force of a tsunami by up to 90%.
• the fertility of the soil and ecological diversity can provide a plentiful supply of a large range of nutritious foods.

Question 7

Tell me about the negatives of the Sundarbans

Answer 7

• at risk from rising sea levels
• lack of communication so no flood warnings
  -increasing deaths by tigers

Question 8

Tell me about conservation methods in the Sundarbans

Answer 8

• better roads and bridges being built- however creates pollution and deforestation
• electricity and solar panels being extended to more areas-flood warnings and employment more likely
  -3500 km of embankment built to prevent flooding however gradually eroded

Question 9

Tell me about the background of Holderness coast

Answer 9

-Location-North East coast of the UK
- coastline is mainly made up of cliffs consisting of soft, easily eroded boulder clay
- one of Europe’s fastest eroding coastlines->the average annual rate of erosion is around 2 m per year

Question 10

Why is cliff erosion such a problem at Holderness coast

Answer 10

• cliffs are made up of boulder clay which is easily eroded by waves
  -The coast is very exposed, approaching waves have a long fetch over the North sea
  -The waves are mainly destructive, eroding the base of the cliff
  -The beaches are narrow and do little to protect the coastline as most of the material eroded from the cliff is washed out to sea and the rest is moved by longshore drift

Question 11

Tell me about Mappleton at Holderness coast

Answer 11

-supports approximately 50 properties
-The village has been subject to intense erosion, resulting in Access road being only 50 m from the cliff edge at its closest point
-The land use to the south of mapleton is predominantly agricultural- a number of farmers have lost a significant amount of land to increase rates of a region EG the grange farm

Question 12

Tell me about coastal management techniques at Holderness coast Mappleton

Answer 12

• in 1991, almost 2 million was spent on two rock groynes and a rock revetment - purpose was two trap beach material
• the cliff between the two groins has been stabilised through landscaping and vegetation cover to make the cliffs less prone to slumping

-However, further south the rate of erosion has increased significantly

Question 13

Tell me about Skipsea along Holderness coast

Answer 13

-beach material is being transported along the Holderness coast by longshore drift in here
- there are no groyns to reduce the transportation. Material is therefore transported south
-economic impact on housing Prices->property values have dropped significantly. particularly for those houses that are losing their gardens. The seafront, compensation is not available for these homeowners from the local authority

Question 14

Tell me about coastal management techniques at Skipsea Holderness coast

Answer 14

• limited to a small concrete revetment protecting a caravan park the revetment absorbs the energy from waves
• Some residents on green lane (a road whose houses are being eroded near) feel the council has not done enough to protect them from erosion or help them to move nearby.
  -They have to pay around 6,000 towards the cost of demolishing their homes.
• sea defences are decided on a cost benefit analysis, with large urban areas and important industries prioritised over farmland and individual houses. On that basis, skipsea must brave the waves.

Question 15

Tell me about the Purbeck coast of Dorset-Background

Answer 15

-has both concordant and discordant coastlines
-location: south coast of England

Question 16

Tell me about Old harry -Dorest

Answer 16

-At the tip of a chalk headland
-They form a headland as the chalk is more resistant to erosion then surrounding clays

Question 17

Tell me about Durdle door- Dorset

Answer 17

-its an arch was has formed on a hard limestone headland
-it has formed parallel to the coastline
-The arch is gradually being worn by weathering

Question 18

Tell me about Lulworth cove-Dorset

Answer 18

-Formed when a gap was eroded in a band of limestone
-Behind the limestone, is a layer of clay
-The limestone cliff forming the back wall of the cove are vulnerable to massovemnet, experiences small slides and slopes
-concordant

Question 19

Tell me about Stair hole-Dorset

Answer 19

-The sea has attacked a crack and forced it’s way to the softer rock behind
-the land behind is worn away, making a bay with a tiny opening to the sea