coastal landscapes and change Flashcards
name 2 emergent coastline landforms
1- Fossil Cliff
2-Raised beach
what is a ria?
-A drowned river valley
- V shaped
-Submergent landform found in southern england
what is a fjord?
-Flooded glacial valley
-U shape
-Scotland, Norway
what is a Dalmation Coast?
- Series of mountains that run parallel to the coastline which have since been flooded to cause islands.
-Croatia
what are two physical factors that effect coastal recession?
Lithology- Rock type
Geological structure- Joints, dips in bedding planes
Two marine factors affecting coastal recession.
-Strong longshore drift
-Long fetch
Name two Human factors that effect coastal recession
- Construction of dams
- Dredging
how does the construction of dams affect coastal recession?
The construction of dams can hold up river sediment and therefore starve areas of coast of this sediment.
- This happened when the aswan High dam was built in the nile river and this led to erosion rates increasing by a factor of 100
how does Dredging affect coastal recession
- It deepens the sea floor causing waves to not lose as much energy when approaching the coastline therefore causing more destructive waves
How do weathering and erosional processes work together in terms of cliff recession?
-Weathering will often weaken areas of cliff by forming cracks and faults
- Erosional processes like hydraulic action will then break off pieces of rock through these cracks
How do weathering and erosional processes work together in terms of cliff recession?
-Weathering will often weaken areas of cliff by forming cracks and faults
- Erosional processes like hydraulic action will then break off pieces of rock through these cracks
Name three factors that effect flood risk
-Height of land
-Vegetation Removal
-Global sea level rise
How is The Maldives affected by Flood risk?
- Their highest point above land is 2.3 metres
- a 50cm rise of sea level would submerge 77% of land
- The islands have a population of 340,000
How would Bangladesh be affected by sea level rise?
- A 40cm rise could cause 10 million environmental refugees
In which 2 ways is height of land affected by Flood risk?
- At risk from temporary factors such as storm surges
- At risk from permanent factors such as global sea level rise
How does vegetation removal effect Flood risk?
-Vegetation stabilises sediment
- Vegetation absorbs wave energy
-since 1950, 50% of mangroves have been removed
economic consequences of coastal recession
- Loss of property in the form of homes, business, farmland
- Massive dip in property prices
-Business can lose a lot of money in investment if an area becomes unattractive or depopulated
social consequences of coastal recession
- People having to relocate
-lost jobs - Very stressful scenario to go through, affects quality of life
how much does the IPCC predict that sea levels will rise in australia by 2100?
1 metre
one metre of sea level rise in australia would cause flooding of what?
-100,000 homes
- $90 billion of commercial property
-5 power stations
-75 hospitals
-50 water and sewage plants
how much does the Ipcc predict sea levels could rise in the phillipines by 2100?
1 metre
Economic impacts of predicted sea level rise in the phillipines
- $6 billion of property affected
- Tourist and fishing industries largely affected
social impacts of predicted sea level rise in the phillipines
-Jobs lost in both fishing and tourism
- Shanty towns would be affected most which houses a lot of people at a high density, would cause a lot of environmental refugees
2 countries that are have an environmental refugee crisis
Maldives and Tuvalu
