Coastal landscapes

Question 1

What are landscapes

Answer 1

Made up of landforms

Question 2

3 types of systems:

1) Isolated
2) Closed
3) Open

Answer 2

1) No inputs or outputs
2) Inputs and outputs of energy but not matter
3) Inputs and outputs of both energy and matter

Question 3

Characteristics of:

1) High energy coastlines
2) Low energy coastlines

Answer 3

1) Destructive waves, long fetches, high erosion, caves…

2) Constructive waves, shorter fetches, higher deposition, bars, beaches…

Question 4

4 processes of erosion:

1) Attrition
2) Corrosion
3) Abrasion
4) Hydraulic action

Answer 4

1) Where pieces of rock hit each other
2) Chemical reaction between seawater and susceptible rocks
3) Where rocks are hut against sea floor or cliffs
4) Water being compressed into cracks in rocks

Question 5

3 types of weathering:

1) Biological
2) Mechanical
3) Chemical

Answer 5

1) When rocks are broken down by living things
2) When rocks are broken down without their chemical composition being changed
3) When rocks are being broken down by their chemical composition changing

Question 6

3 types of mass movement
1) Slumps
2) Slides
3 Rockfalls

Answer 6

1) When material moves down a slope with rotation
2) When material moves down a slope in a straight line
3) When material breaks apart and rolls down a slope

Question 7

Sediment Cell Concept

• sources
• transfers
• sinks

Answer 7

The sources are subaerial processes, erosional processes and river transportation
The transfers are LSD, winds and tides
The sinks are depositional landforms

Question 8

Define:

1) Concordant coastline
- Affect of CC
2) Discordant coastline
- Affect of DC

Answer 8

1) Rock angles parallel
- Dalmation coast
2) Right angle to sea
- Bays and headlands

Question 9

Wave cut platform and cliff flow chart

Answer 9

Small notch - collapse of notch - new notch - cliff retreat

Question 10

1) Eustatic

2) Isostatic

Answer 10

1) Rising and falling of sea levels
2) Rising and falling of land level
- both affected by ice ages

Question 11

Hard engineering:

1) Groynes
2) Rip-Rap

Answer 11

1) Create wider beaches and reduces erosion, however beaches down the coast get narrower which increases erosion
2) A pile of boulders that dissipate the waves energy, cheap but hazardous

Question 12

Soft engineering:

1) Dune stabilisation
2) Beach nourishment

Answer 12

1) Planting vegetation to provide a natural barrier to coastal flooding, only a small area is protected
2) By removing sand other parts of beach can be affected

Question 13

What is ICZM

Answer 13

• A holistic approach to coastal management strategies
• Considers social, economic and environmental implications
• Uses resources efficiently

Question 14

Add case studies

Answer 14

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