Coastal landscapes Flashcards
define relief
the physical features of a landscape including:
height above sea level
steepness of slopes
shape of landforms
how do waves form?
wind blows over sea
friction with surface causes ripples
tsunamis form when earthquakes/volcanic eruptions shake seabed
constructive waves
low waves with wave crest far apart
gently sloping wave front
push sand and pebbles up beach
formed by storms hundreds of km away - summer
destructive waves
waves close together steep wave front breaking waves plunge onto beach - little swash strong backwash erodes beach formed by local storms - winter
freeze-thaw
water collects in cracks in rocks
freezes and expands - enlarges cracks
ice thaws and goes deeper into rock
carbonation
rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide from air
more acidic
dissolves alkaline rocks
biological
plant roots
rabbit burrows
give 4 types of mass movement
rockfall
landslide
mudflow
rotational slip
give 5 types of coastal erosion
solution corrasion abrasion attrition hydraulic power
solution
dissolving of chemicals from rock eg limestone
corrasion
rock fragments thrown at cliff by sea
abrasion
sandpapering of pebbles on rocky platform
attrition
rock fragments carried by sea knock against each other
hydraulic power
waves hit cliff
trapped air forced into cracks in rock
give 4 ways that sediment is transported
solution
suspension
traction
saltation
