Coastal Landscapes Flashcards

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0
Q

Where is the intertidal zone?

A

Between the high and low water mark

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1
Q

What is the fetch?

A

The distance over which the wind blows

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2
Q

Where is the shore?

A

Between the coastline (end of land) and the low water mark

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3
Q

Where is the coast?

A

Between the coastline and high wate mark

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4
Q

What is swash?

A

Water that breaks from a wave and rushes up the beach

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5
Q

What is a waves’s crest?

A

The top of a wave

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6
Q

How does soil creep cause erosion?

A

Soil freezes then melts, expanding and contracting

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7
Q

How does rockfall cause erosion?

A

Eroded rock results in rock falling

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8
Q

How many times per minute do destructive and constructive waves occur?

A

Destructive: 10-15, constructive: 6-8

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9
Q

What do destructive and constructive waves do respectively?

A

Erodes and deposits

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10
Q

What kind of beach do destructive waves form?

A

Steep and narrow

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11
Q

What type of beach do constructive waves form?

A

Gently sloping and wide

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12
Q

How is a spit formed?

A

Longshore drift occurs, resulting in deposition so the wave can’t go round the corner. As a result, material is deposited and a spit is formed can constant depositation

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13
Q

What factors affect the rate of cliff recession?

A

Softer rocks, greater amounts of cracks and seaward/vertical layered rocks

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14
Q

How do groynes work?

A

They cause accumulation of sand which protects cliffs

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15
Q

What are gabions?

A

Cages filled with rocks that absorb the force of a wave